[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 15:
Translate into English:
1. Sace tva.m dhamma.m su.neyyaasi, addhaa tva.m Buddhassa saavako
bhaveyyaasi.
sace = if
tva.m = you
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
su.neyyaasi = would hear
addhaa = certainly
tva.m = you
Buddhassa = Buddha's (gen.)
saavako = disciple (acc.)
bhaveyyaasi = would be
Ans: If you listen to the dhamma, certainly you would be Buddha's
disciple.
2. Yadi te giitaani gaayitu.m ugga.nheyyu.m, aha.m pi ugga.nheyyaami.
yadi = if
te = they
giitaani = songs (acc.)
gaayitu.m = to sing
ugga.nheyyu.m = would learn
aha.m = I
pi = too
ugga.nheyyaami = would learn
Ans: If they learn to sing songs, I would learn too.
3. Sace tva.m biijaani pahi.neyyaasi, kassako taani khette vapeyya.
sace = if
tva.m = you
biijaani = seeds (acc.)
pahi.neyyaasi = would send
kassako = farmer (nom.)
taani = them
khette = field (loc.)
vapeyya = would sow
Ans: If you send the seeds, the farmer would sow them in the field.
4. Sace tumhe padumaani ocineyyaatha, kumaaraa taani Buddhassa
puujeyyu.m.
sace = if
tumhe = you
padumaani = lotuses (acc.)
ocineyyaatha = would collect/pick
kumaaraa = boys (nom.)
taani = them
Buddhassa = Buddha (dat.)
puujeyyu.m = would offer
Ans: If you collect/pick lotuses, the boys would offer them to the
Buddha.
5. Sace tva.m muula.m ga.nheyyaasi, aha.m dussa.m aadadeyyaami.
sace = if
tva.m = you
muula.m = money (acc.)
ga.nheyyaasi = would take
aha.m = I
dussa.m = cloth (acc.)
aadadeyyaami = would take
Ans: If you take the money, I will take the cloth.
6. Yadi maya.m bhuupaalena saha manteyyaama amaccaa na aagaccheyyu.m.
yadi = if
maya.m = we
bhuupaalena = king (ins.)
saha = with
manteyyaama = would discuss
amaccaa = ministers (nom.)
na = not
aagaccheyyu.m = would come
Ans: If we discuss with the king, the ministers would not come.
7. Sace tumhe rukkhe ropeyyaatha daarakaa phalaani bhu~njeyyu.m.
sace = if
tumhe = you
rukkhe = trees (acc.)
ropeyyaatha = would plant
daarakaa = children (nom.)
phalaani = fruits (acc.)
bhu~njeyyu.m = would eat
Ans: If you plant trees, children would eat/enjoy fruits.
8. Sace maya.m sappurisaa bhaveyyaama, puttaa pi sappurisaa
bhaveyyu.m.
sace = if
maya.m = we
sappurisaa = good men
bhaveyyaama = would become/be
puttaa = sons (nom.)
pi = too
sappurisaa = good men (nom.)
bhaveyyu.m = would become/be
Ans: If we become/are good men, our sons will be/become good men too.
9. Sace bhuupaalaa dhammena diipe paaleyyu.m, maya.m bhuupaalesu
pasiideyyaama.
sace = if
bhuupaalaa = kings (nom.)
dhammena = righteously
diipe = islands (acc.)
paaleyyu.m = would rule
maya.m = we
bhuupaalesu = kings (loc.)
pasiideyyaama = would be pleased
Ans: If kings rule the islands righteously, we will be pleased with
them.
10. Sace kassako go.na.m vikki.neyya, vaa.nijo ta.m ki.neyya.
sace = if
kassako = farmer (nom.)
go.na.m = ox/bull (acc.)
vikki.neyya = would sell
vaa.nijo = merchant (nom.)
ta.m = it
ki.neyya = would buy
Ans: If the farmer sells the ox/bull, the merchant will buy it.
11. Sace manusse pii.lentaa asappurisaa gaama.m aagaccheyyu.m aha.m
te ovadeyyaami.
sace = if
manusse = people (acc.)
pii.lentaa = oppressing
asappurisaa = wicked men (nom.)
gaama.m = village (acc.)
aagaccheyyu.m = would come
aha.m = I
te = they
ovadeyyaami = would advise
Ans: If wicked men who oppress the people come to the village, I will
advise/admonish them.
12. Yadi amaccaa paapa.m parivajeyyu.m, manussaa paapa.m na kareyyu.m.
yadi = if
amaccaa = ministers (nom.)
paapa.m = evil (acc.)
parivajeyyu.m = would avoid
manussaa = people (nom.)
paapa.m = evil (acc.)
na = not
kareyyu.m = would do
Ans: If ministers avoid evil, the people will not do evil.
13. Sace tumhe pabbata.m aaruheyyaatha, aahi.n.dante mige ca rukkhesu
carante makka.te ca u.d.dente saku.ne ca passeyyaatha.
sace = if
tumhe = you
pabbata.m = mountain (acc.)
aaruheyyaatha = would climb
aahi.n.dante = roaming
mige = deer (acc.)
ca = and
rukkhesu = trees (loc.)
carante = moving
makka.te = monkeys (acc.)
ca = and
u.d.dente = flying
saku.ne = birds (acc.)
ca = and
passeyyaatha = would see
Ans: If you climb the mountain, you will see deer roaming, monkeys
moving on trees and birds flying.
14. Sace tva.m pattena paaniiya.m aaneyyaasi pipaasito so piveyya.
sace = if
tva.m = you
pattena = bowl (ins.)
paaniiya.m = drinking water (acc.)
aaneyyaasi = would bring
pipaasito = thirsty
so = he
piveyya = would drink
Ans: If you bring water in a bowl, being thirsty he will drink.
15. Kusalakammaani katvaa tumhe manussaloke uppajitu.m ussaheyyaatha.
kusalakammaani = good deeds (acc.)
katvaa = having done
tumhe = you
manussaloke = human world (loc.)
uppajitu.m = to be born
ussaheyyaatha = would try
Ans: Having done good deeds, you should try to be born in the human
world.
16. Sace so vejjo bhaveyya, aha.m ta.m rodanta.m daaraka.m passitu.m
aaneyyaami.
sace = if
so = he
vejjo = doctor (nom.)
bhaveyya = would be
aha.m = I
ta.m = him
rodanta.m = crying
daaraka.m = child (acc.)
passitu.m = to see
aaneyyaami = would bring
Ans: If he is a doctor, I will bring the crying child to see him.
17. Yadi putto paapa.m kareyya aha.m ta.m ovadeyyaami.
yadi = if
putto = son (nom.)
paapa.m = evil (acc.)
kareyya = would do
aha.m = I
ta.m = him
ovadeyyaami = would advise
Ans: If my son does evil, I would advise him.
18. Sace amacco pa.n.dita.m aacariya.m aaneyya maya.m dhamma.m
ugga.nheyyaama.
Ans: If the minister brings a wise teacher, we will learn the dhamma.
19. Sace aha.m hatthena suva.m phusitu.m ussaheyyaami so gehaa
uppateyya.
Ans: If I try to touch the parrot with my hand, it might fly out of
the house.
20. Yadi so vejja.m pakkosita.m iccheyya aha.m ta.m aaneyyaami.
Ans: If he wishes to call the doctor, I will bring him.
Translate into Paali:
1. If you cover the evil deeds your sons do, they will become thieves.
Ans: Sace tva.m puttaana.m paapakammaani chaadeyyaasi, te coraa
bhaveyyu.m.
2. If you (plur.) want to become virtuous men avoid evil.
Ans: Sace tumhe sappurisaa bhavitu.m aaka"nkheyyaatha/iccheyyaatha,
paapa.m parivajjetha.
3. If we look with our eyes we will see objects in the world, if we
look with our minds we will see good and evil.
Ans: Sace maya.m locanehi olokeyyaama loke ruupaani passeyyaama, sace
maya.m cittehi olokeyyaama pu~n~na.m ca paapa.m ca passeyyaama.
4. If you start singing a song, the children will start dancing.
Ans: Sace tva.m giita.m gaayitu.m aarabheyyaasi, daarakaa naciitu.m
aarabheyyu.m/aarabhissanti.
5. If we depart from the human world we will not fear to be born in
the human world.
Ans: Yadi maya.m manussalokamhaa caveyyaama, manussalokasmi.m
uppajjitu.m na bhaayissaama.
6. If gods are born in the human world they will do meritorious deeds.
Ans: Sace devaa manussalokamhi uppajjeyu.m, te pu~n~nakammaani
kareyyu.m/karissanti.
7. If you search for the truth you will approach the Buddha living in
the monastery.
Ans: Sace tva.m sacca.m pariyeseyyaasi vihaare viharanta.m/vasanta.m
Buddha.m upasa"nkameyyaasi.
8. If you admonish the merchant he will become a virtuous man.
Ans: Sace tva.m vaa.nija.m anusaaseyyaasi/ovadeyyaasi so sappuriso
bhavissati.
9. If I invite the monk he will come home to preach the dhamma.
Ans: Yadi aha.m sama.na.m nimanteyyaami, so dhamma.m desetu.m geha.m
aagamissati.
10. If you see a good man you will not kill oxen roaming in the
forest.
Ans: Sace tva.m sappuriso bhaveyyaasi khettasmi.m aahi.n.dante go.ne
na maaressasi.
11. If you do work in the field you will get wealth and corn.
Ans: Sace tva.m khettamhi kamma.m kareyyaasi, tva.m dhana.m ca
dha~n~na.m ca labhissasi.
12. If the king wishes to govern the island righteously he will
discuss with wise men and ministers.
Ans: Sace bhuupaalo dhammena diipa.m paaletu.m aaka"nkheyya, so
pa.n.ditehi ca amaccehi ca manteyya/mantessati.