[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 16:
Translate into English:
1. Bhuupaalaa dhammena diipa.m paalentu.
bhuupaalaa = kings (nom.)
dhammena = righteously
diipa.m = island (acc.)
paalentu = may rule
Ans: May kings rule the island righteously.
2. Maa manusso bhaayatu, sace so sacca.m jaanaati, bhaasatu.
maa = not
manusso = man (nom.)
bhaayatu = may fear
sace = if
so = he
sacca.m = truth (acc.)
jaanaati = knows
bhaasatu = let speak
Ans: May the man not fear, if he knows the truth, let him speak.
3. Tumhe paapa.m karonte putte ovadatha.
tumhe = you
paapa.m = evil
karonte = doing
putte = sons (acc.)
ovadatha = advise
Ans: You advise the sons doing evil.
4. Sugato dhamma.m desetu, saavakaa ca upaasakaa ca vihaarasmi.m
nisiidanti.
Sugato = Buddha (nom.)
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
desetu = may preach
saavakaa = disciples (nom.)
ca = and
upaasakaa = lay devotees (nom.)
ca = and
vihaarasmi.m = monastery (loc.)
nisiidanti = sit
Ans: May the Buddha preach the dhamma, disciples and lay devotees
sit/are sitting in the monastery.
5. Maa te paapakammaani katvaa manussalokamhaa cavitvaa narake
uppajjantu.
maa = not
te = they
paapakammaani = evil deeds (acc.)
katvaa = having done
manussalokamhaa = human world (acc.)
cavitvaa = having departed
narake = purgatory (loc.)
uppajjantu = may be born
Ans: May they not do evil deeds and be born in purgatory having
departed from the human world.
6. Maa coraa kassakaana.m go.ne maarentu.
maa = not
coraa = thieves (nom.)
kassakaana.m = farmers' (gen.)
go.ne = oxen (acc.)
maarentu = may kill
Ans: May thieves not kill oxen of the farmers.
7. Maa tva.m sunakha.m aamasaahi, so ta.m .daseyya.
maa = not
tva.m = you
sunakha.m = dog (acc.)
aamasaahi = touch
so = it
ta.m = you
.daseyya = might bite
Ans: Do not touch the dog, it might bite you.
8. Tumhe diipe jaaletvaa vihaarasmi.m ruupaani oloketha.
tumhe = you
diipe = lamps (acc.)
jaaletvaa = having lit
vihaarasmi.m = monastery (loc.)
ruupaani = objects/murals (acc.)
oloketha = look at
Ans: Light the lamps and look at the murals in the monastery.
Ans: Having lit the lamps, you look at the murals in the monastery.
9. Tumhe asappurise aamantetvaa dhammena jiivitu.m anusaasatha.
tumhe = you
asappurise = wicked men (acc.)
aamantetvaa = having addressed
dhammena = righteously
jiivitu.m = to live
anusaasatha = admonish
Ans: Address wicked men and admonish (them) to live righteously.
Ans: Having addressed wicked men, you admonish (them) to live
righteously.
10. Putta, maa tva.m paapamitte upasa"nkama.
putta = son (voc.)
maa = not
tva.m = you
paapamitte = evil friends (acc.)
upasa"nkama = approach
Ans: Son, do no approach evil friends.
11. Sace tumhe sacca.m bhaasitu.m ussaheyyaatha, tumhe sappurisaa
bhaveyyaatha.
sace = if
tumhe = you
sacca.m = truth (acc.)
bhaasitu.m = to speak
ussaheyyaatha = try
tumhe = you
sappurissa = good men (nom.)
bhaveyyaatha = will become
Ans: If you try to speak the truth, you will become good men.
12. Sace tva.m paasaa.ne khipeyyaasi, kaakaa ca saku.naa ca aakaasa.m
uppateyyu.m.
sace = if
tva.m = you
paasaa.ne = stones (acc.)
khipeyyaasi = throw
kaakaa = crows (nom.)
ca = and
saku.naa = birds (nom.)
ca = and
aakaasa.m = sky (acc.)
uppateyyu.m = will fly
Ans: If you throw stones, crows and birds will fly into the sky.
13. Maa daaraka paaniiya.m pivitvaa patta.m bhinda.
maa = not
daaraka = child (voc.)
paaniiya.m = water (acc.)
pivitvaa = having drunk
patta.m = bowl (acc.)
bhinda = break
Ans: Child, do not break the bowl after drinking water.
14. Maa suva.n.na.m coretvaa gacchantaa coraa samudda.m tarantu.
maa = not
suva.n.na.m = gold (acc.)
coretvaa = having stolen
gacchantaa = going
coraa = thieves (nom.)
samudda.m = sea (acc.)
tarantu = let cross
Ans: Let not the robbers who are going after stealing gold cross the
sea.
15. Upaasaka, maa putte akkosaahi, sama.nehi saddhi.m mantetvaa putte
anusaasaahi.
upaasaka = lay devotee (voc.)
maa = not
putte = sons (acc.)
akkosaahi = scold
sama.nehi = monks (ins.)
saddhi.m = with
mantetvaa = having discussed
putte = sons (acc.)
anusaasaahi = admonish
Ans: Lay devotee, do not scold your sons, discuss with monks and
admonish them.
Translate into Paali:
1. May the king ruling the island protect the people righteously.
king = bhuupaalo (nom.)
ruling = paalento
island = diipa.m (acc.)
may protect = rakkhatu
people = manusse (acc.)
righteously = dhammena
Ans: Diipa.m paalento bhuupaalo dhammena manusse rakkhatu.
2. Let the children playing in the park collect falling leaves.
children = daarakaa (nom.)
playing = kii.lantaa
park = uyyaane (loc.)
let collect = sa.mharantu
falling = patantaani
leaves = pa.n.naani
Ans: Uyyaane kii.lantaa daarakaa patantaani pa.n.naani sa.mharantu.
3. Let the farmers and merchants assemble in the king's park.
Ans: Kassakaa ca vaa.nijaa ca bhuupaalassa uyyaanasmi.m sannipatatu.
4. Let the sons climb the mountain to see lions, deer and birds.
Ans: Puttaa siihe ca mige ca saku.ne ca passitu.m pabbata.m aaruhantu.
5. Do no cut trees in forests if you wish to protect deer.
Ans: Sace tva.m mige rakkhitu.m iccheyyaasi, maa vanesu rukkhe
chindaahi.
6. Let the child not come down the stairway, he will fall.
Ans: Maa daarako sopaanamhaa oruhatu, so patissati.
7. Let the farmer plough the fields and sow seeds, let him not kill
goats.
Ans: Kassako khettaani kasitvaa biijaani vapatu, maa so aje hanatu.
8. Let the parrots fly taking fruits with their beaks.
Ans: Tu.n.dehi phalaani aadantaa/gahetvaa sukaa u.d.dentu/uppatantu.
9. Sons, do not commit sins, live righteously.
Ans: Puttaa, maa tumhe paapa.m karotha, dhammena jiivatha.
10. May the disciples of the Buddha get alms and robes.
Ans: Buddhassa saavakaa daana.m ca ciivaraani ca labhantu.
11. Let the children come out of the house and see the moon rising
from the mountain.
Ans: Daarakaa gehasmaa nikkhamma pabbatamhaa udenta.m canda.m
passantu.
12. Boys, do not go and kill deer in the forest with the hunter.
Ans: Kumaaraa, maa tumhe gantvaa ara~n~namhi luddakena saha mige
hanatha/maaretha.
13. You (plur.) run home and bring water for the farmers ploughing
the field.
Ans: Tumhe geha.m dhaavitvaa khetta.m kasantaana.m kassakaana.m
paaniiya.m aaharatha.
14. Do not ask questions from the king's messenger.
Ans: Maa bhuupaalassa duutasmaa pa~nhe pucchatha.
15. You lay devotees should try to avoid evil and do good deeds.
Ans: Tumhe upaasakaa akusala.m parivajjetvaa kusalakammaani kaatu.m
ussahatha.