Re: etymologies of "dukkha"

Dear Ven. Yuttadhammo, Susi and all,

Besides the derivation (nibbacana) of "dukkha" given at Vism XVI.16, two
others are also given at XvII.48 in the following:

Dukkhayatīti dukkhaṃ. uppādaṭṭhitivasena vā dvidhā khaṇatītipi dukkhaṃ.
~Visuddhimagga-2: ~Mya.:2.159

which Ñāṇamoli translates as:

It makes [beings] suffer (dukkhayati), thus it is pain (dukkha); or it
consumes in two ways (DVedhā KHAṇati—see IV.100) by means of [the two
moments (khaóa)] arising and presence, thus it is pain (dukkha). ---Vism
XVII.48

This sproves that dukkha can also be derived from the root DUKKH (most
commonly) and from the root KHAṆ with a prefixed numeral DU (two).  The
latter is found less frequesntly in the Pali texts (I found five other
occurences). I doubt very much there can be found a derivation from the root
KHAM.

Thanks Susi for nicely describing the derivation in terms of a bad axle
hole. Wikipedia quotes a very similar description from Winthrop Sargeant in
their article on dukkha. I think the derivation in Apte of "duṣṛāni khāni
yasmin" (where there are bad holes?) belongs here. Might that also not
include potholes in the road or a bad cavity in a tooth? The neuter noun
"kha" (sky, space, aperture, hole etc) is is related to the meaning of
"tuccha" (empty) at Vism XVI.16..

Best wishes,

Jim