1. Flying through the air the birds go wherever they want.
2. The monk dwells in a cave suffusing the whole world with his
benevolent mind.
3. The cattle, which help us in ploughing our fields and supply us
with milk and ghee, should not be killed by us.
4. Two caravan leaders of Ukkala, having seen the Exalted One sitting
in a forest, offered Him some food and received some hair-relics from Him.
5. They carried those relics to their own country, erected a shrine
over them, and made daily offerings of lotuses and other flowers to
the shrine.
6. The swan is able to drink the milk separating it from the water.
7. Many people in that country, having seen the shrine built by the
merchants, came there to pay their homage.
8. There are many iron bridges made over the streams in Ceylon and
other countries.
9. Millionaires keep their wealth in iron safes in order to protect it
from the thieves.
10. The traveller, fatigued by the heat of the sun, came to a lake,
bathed there, and went on with some lotuses in his hand.
11. Prince Siddhaartha became a monk at the age of 29, and became
enlightened when he was 35 years old.
12. The monk having taken a bowl made of iron walks through the path
which is full of dust and is heated by the sun.
13. Today many well-to-do persons fly through the air wherever they
like, as some persons, possessed of supernatural power, did in olden days.
14. The Hindus treat their cattle well and abstain from eating their
flesh.
15. People perform good or bad actions with body, mind and speech.
New words.
abstains = viramati, apagacchati (v).
caravan leader = satthavaaha (m).
daily = patidina.m (adv). devasika (adj).
drinks = pivati (v).
enlightened = buddha (pp).
erected = kaaresi (v).
fatigued = kilanta (pp).
flesh = ma.msa (n).
full of dust = rajoki.n.na (adj).
hair-relic = kesadhaatu (f).
heat of the sun = aatapa (m).
heated = tatta (pp).
helps = upatthambheti (v).
in olden days = puraa (indec).
iron safe = ayope.laa (f).
offered = adaasi (v).
performs = karoti, sampaadeti (v).
ploughing = kasana (ger).
received = labhi (v).
separating = visu.m karonta (pr.p).
should be killed = maaretabba (pot.p).
supplies with = sampaadeti (v).
stream = sota (m).
swan = ha.msa (m).
to protect = rakkhitu.m (inf).
to pay homage = gaarava.m dassetu.m.
traveller = pathika (m).
through the air = nabhasaa.
treats = sa`nga.nhaati, sakkaroti (v).
wanted = icchita (pp).
well-to-do = sukhita, dhanavantu (adj).
wherever = yattha katthaci (indec).
whole = sakala (adj).
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Compound Nouns
Samaasa
40. When two or more nouns are combined together to form a grammatical
unit it is called a Samaasa (compound).
Some compounds have an indeclinable as their first member. A few
compounds are made up entirely of indeclinables.
There are six kinds of compounds:
(1) Kammadhaaraya = Adjectival compound (where an adjective and a
substantive is combined).
(2) Digu = Numeral determinative (numeral + substantive).
(3) Tappurisa = Dependent determinative (substantive + substantive).
(4) Dvanda = Copulative or aggregative (two or more nouns).
(5) Avyayiibhaava = Adverbial compound (where an indeclinable - adverb
included - and a substantive is combined).
(6) Bahubbiihi = Relative or attributive compound (which bears a
signification different from that of the component words).
41. The case-endings of the first member or members of a compound are
generally dropped; only in a few instances they are preserved.
(1) Kammadhaaraya (Adjectival Compound)
42. The two members of an Adjectival Compound must, in their
uncompounded state, be in the same case.