[2-3/8]

The New Pali Course Part II (1938)

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

siiho viya muni = munisiiho (lionlike sage)
naago viya Buddho = Buddhanaago (the elephant-like or noble Buddha)

The words naaga, siiha, etc. are used to denote superiority or greatness.

45. In Kammadhaaraya, the adjective "mahanta" becomes "mahaa". If it
is followed by a double consonant it becomes "maha".

Examples

mahanto + muni = mahaamuni (great sage)
mahantii + pa.thavii = mahaapa.thavii (great earth)
mahanta.m + bhaya.m = mahabbhaya.m (great fear)

46. When the two members of a Kammadhaaraya are feminine, the first
one assumes the form of the masculine, if the word had been formed
from a masculine stem.

Examples

khattiyaa + kumaarii = khattiyakumaarii (princess of the warrior caste)
braahma.nii + ka~n~naa = braahma.naka~n~naa (a Brahmin girl)
naagii + maa.navikaa = naagamaa.navikaa (maiden of the Naaga tribe)
dutiyaa + panti = dutiyapanti (second line or class)

Note - When the first feminine form is a proper noun, it does not take
the masculine form, e.g.

nandaapokkhara.nii (Nandaa pond)
nandaadevii (Queen Nandaa)

47. When the particle "na" (not) is combined to another word, it is
replaced by "a" before a consonant, and by "an" before a vowel. (This
is not included, anyhow, in the fifth class of compounds though it has
an indeclinable as its members.)

Examples

na + manusso = amanusso (non-human being)
na + sama.no = assama.no (not a monk)
na + ariyo = anariyo (ignoble, low)
na + i.t.tho = ani.t.tho (not agreeable)
na + kusala.m = akusala.m (sin, bad action)

(2) Digu Compounds

48. When a numeral and a substantive is combined it is called digu.
The numeral must be the first member.

The numerals being a kind of adjectives this compound may be included
in kammadhaaraya. But it is separated and given a different name for
the convenience of students.

There are two kinds of Digu:
(I) Samaahaara = collective (which expresses a whole and takes the
form of the neuter singular).
(II) Asamaahaara = individual (which does not express a whole, but
takes the plural form). Here the objects indicated by the last member
are considered individually.

(I) Samaahaara-Digu

Examples

dve + a`nguliyo = dva.ngula.m (two inches)
tayo + lokaa = tiloka.m (three worlds)
catasso + disaa = catuddisa.m (the four quarters)
pa~nca + siilaani = pa~ncasiila.m (the five precepts)
satta + ahaani = sattaaha.m (a week)
sata.m + yojanaani = satayojana.m (hundred leagues)

(II) Asamaahaara-Digu

Examples

tayo + bhavaa = tibhavaa (the three states of existence)
pa~nce + indriyaani = pa~ncindriyaani (the five senses)

Exercise 7

Translate into English and define the compounds

1. Buddhaadicce anudite canda-suriya-sataani pi mokkhamagga.m
pakaasetu.m na sakkonti.

2. Mahaapurise mahaabodhi.m upasa`nkamante mahaapa.thavii mahaarava.m
raavamaanaa kampi.

3. Dhammaasoka-mahaaraajaa aneka-sahasse assama.ne niiharitvaa
Buddhasaasana.m nimmala.m akaasi.

4. Buddhanaago Anaathapi.n.dika-mahaase.t.thinaa kaarite
Jetavana-mahaavihaare ekuunaviisati-vassaani vasi.

5. Saariputtatthero samaapattisukhena Pipphaliguhaaya.m sattaaha.m
viitinaamesi.

6. Buddhaghosaacariyo Jambudiipato Siiha.ladiipa.m aagantvaa
Anuraadhapure Mahaavihaare vasanto tipi.takapaa.liyaa a.t.thakathaayo
Maagadhabhaasaaya likhi.

7. Va.t.tagaama.nii-Abhaya-mahaara~n~no kaale bahavo mahaatheraa
Maatula-janapade Aaloka-guhaaya.m sannipatitvaa Buddhavacana.m
taalapa.n.nesu likhi.msu.

8. Titthiyaa rattacandanehi ma.n.dapa.m kaaraapetvaa ta.m niiluppalehi
chaadetvaa mahaajanassa paa.tihaariya.m dassessaamaa ti tattha
a.t.tha.msu.

9. Mahaamoggallaanatthero attano iddhibalena Sakkassa devara~n~no
Vejayantapaasaada.m kampesi.

10. Devadattatthero Raajagahanagare Ajaatasattu-kumaara.m pasaadetvaa
mahaalaabha.m uppaadesi.

11. Siddhatthakumaaro Uruvelaajanapade Nera~njaraanadiitiire
assattharukkhassa muule nisiditvaa Vesaakhapu.n.namiyaa pacchimayaame
abhisambodhi.m paapu.ni.

12. Kisaa-Gotamii-naamaa khattiyaka~n~naa nagara.m padakkhi.na.m
karontassa mahaasattassa ruupasiri.m disvaa eka.m gaatha.m aaha.

New words.

a.t.thakathaa (f) commentary.
anudita (pp) not risen.
aneka (adj) many.
abhisambodhi (f) perfect knowledge.
aalokaguhaa (f) the cave of that name [Aluvihaara].
iddhibala (n) supernatural power.
upasa`nkamanta (pr.p) approaching.
kampi (v) shook.
chaadaapetvaa (abs) having caused to be covered or thatched.
jambudiipa (m) India.
taalapa.n.na (n) palmyra leaf, ola.
tipi.takapaa.li (f) the text of the Buddhist Canon [of three portions].
titthiya (m) heretical teacher.
devaraaja (m) king of gods.
nimmala (adj) stainless.
niiharitvaa (abs) having ejected.
pakaasetu.m (inf) to manifest.
pacchimayaama (m) last watch.
padakkhi.naa (f) going round [keeping to the right, as a mark of
respect], circumambulation.
parivattesi (v) translated.
pasaadetvaa (abs) having converted [lit. having made calm or clear].
paa.tihaariya (n) miracle.
pipphaliguhaa (f) a cave near Raajagaha.
buddhavacana (n) the Buddha's word.
ma.n.dapa (m) pavilion.
mahaajana (m) the public.

(to be continued...)