[1-3/8]

The New Pali Course Part II (1938)

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

(continue...)

rainy season = vassaana (m).
receiving = labhanta (pr.p).
reign = rajjakaala (m).
sick = rogii (adj).
spent = atikkaamesi (v) (Use only in connection with time).*
sweeps = sammajjati (v).
treasurer = se.t.thii, bha.n.daagaarika (m).
villager = gaamavaasii (m).

Vowel-Sandhi (continued)

8. When the first vowel is elided the second is sometimes lengthened.

tatra + aya.m = tatr + aya.m = tatraaya.m
tadaa + aha.m = tad + aha.m = tadaaha.m
yaani + idha = yaan + idha = yaaniidha
kikii + iva = kik + iva = kikiiva
bahu + upakaaro = bah + upakaaro = bahuupakaaro
idaani + aha.m = idaan + aha.m = idaanaaha.m
sace + aya.m = sac + aya.m = sacaaya.m
tathaa + upama.m = tath + upama.m = tathuupama.m
appassuto + aya.m = appassut + aya.m = appassutaaya.m

9. Sometimes the first vowel becomes long when the second is elided.
(Note that only a dissimilar second vowel is elided).

deva + iti = deva + ti = devaati
vijju + iva = vijju + va = vijjuuva
vi + atinaameti = vi + tinaameti = viitinaameti
saadhu + iti = saadhu + ti = saadhuuti
ki.msu + idha = ki.msu + dha = ki.msuudha
lokassa + iti = lokassa + ti = lokassaati

10. i, ii or e before a dissimilar vowel is sometimes changed to y;
then in some places the second vowel is lengthened.

aggi + agaaro = aggy + agaaro = aggyaagaaro
sotthi + atthu = sotthyatthu
putto te + aha.m = putto ty + aha.m = putto tyaaha.m
me + aya.m = my + aya.m = myaaya.m
daasii + ahosi.m = daasy + ahosi.m = daasyaahosi.m
sattamii + atthe = sattamyatthe

11. o or u before a dissimilar vowel is changed to v; sometimes the
second vowel is lengthened.

so + aha.m = sv + aha.m = svaaha.m
anu + eti = anveti
atha kho + assa = athakhvassa
anu + addhamaasa.m = anvaddhamaasa.m
su + akkhaato = sv + akkhaato = svaakkhaato
na tu + eva = na tveva
yaavatako + assa = yaavatakvassa
su + aagata.m = svaagata.m
yo + aya.m = yv + aya.m = yvaaya.m

12. Consonants y, v, m, d, n, t, r, .l, h are sometimes inserted
between two vowels to avoid a hiatus.

y: na + ida.m = nayida.m
vuddhi + eva = vuddhiyeva
v: ti + a`ngula.m = tiva`ngula.m
pa + uccati = pavuccati
m: idha + ijjhati = idhamijjhati
lahu + essati = lahumessati
d: atta + attho = attadattho
taava + eva = taavadeva
n: ito + aayati = itonaayati
t: tasmaa + iha = tasmaatiha
ajja + agge = ajjatagge
r: du + akkhaato = durakkhaato
paatu + ahosi = paaturahosi
ni + uttaro = niruttaro
.i: cha + abhi~n~naa = cha.labhi~n~naa
cha + a.mso = cha.la.mso
h: su + ujuu ca = suhujuu ca
putha + eva = puthageva

Exercise 2

Translate into English and show how the sandhis are formed

1. Sac'aaya.m kumaaro agaara.m ajjhaavasati raajaa bhavissati cakkavattii.

2. "Samma, idaan'aaha.m vihaara.m gantvaa thera.m tayaa
kata-pa.n.nasaalaaya.m nisinnaka.m disvaa aagato'mhi." [Dh.A. i,19]

3. "Svaha.m abbuu.lha-sallo'smi,
Siitibhuuto'mhi nibbuto." [Dh.A. i,30]

4. "Ko'si tva.m, Bhante'ti? Therassa bhaagineyyo mhii ti." [Dh.A. i,14]

5. "Yathaa hi muule anupaddave da.lhe
Chinno'pi rukkho punareva ruuhati,
Evampi ta.nhaanusaye anuuhate
Nibbattatii dukkhamida.m punappuna.m." [Dhp. 338]

6. (i) "Ki.m suu'dha vitta.m purisassa se.t.tha.m?
Kinsu suci.n.no sukhamaavahaati?"
(ii) "Saddhii'dha vitta.m purisassa se.t.tha.m.
Dhammo sucinno sukhamaavahaati." [S.I.42]

7. "Tasmaa-t-iha, bhikkhave, eva.m sikkhitabba.m: pa~n~naavuddhiyaa
va.d.dhissaamaa'ti." [A. i,15]

8. "Tayo'me, bhikkhave gilaanaa sa.mvijjamaanaa lokasmi.m, ... tayo'me
gilaanuupamaa puggalaa." [A. i,120]

9. A.n.da.m rakkhantii kikii'va, vaaladhi.m rakkhanto camarii'va,
tumhe'pi saadhuka.m attano siila.m rakkhatha.

10. "Tato na.m sukhamanveti
Chaayaa'va anapaayinii." [Dhp.2]

11. "Yaavatak-v-assa kaayo, taavatak-v-assa vyaamo." [D. iii,144]

12. "Na-y-idha nacca.m vaa giita.m vaa
Taa.la.m vaa susamaahita.m." [Dh.A. iv.67]

New words.

agaara (m) house.
ajjhaavasati (v) dwells.
anapaayinii (f) which does not leave.
asi (v) [thou] art.
anupaddava (adj) free from danger, safe.
anusaya (m) predisposition.
anuuhata (pp) not destroyed.
anveti (v) follows.
abbuu.lha (pp) drawn out, removed.
amhi (v) [I] am.
asmi (v) [I] am.
aavahaati (metrical for aavahati) brings.
kikii (f) blue jay.
ki.m su (indec) an interrogative particle.
gilaana (adj) sick [person].
gilaanuupama (adj) similar to a patient.
giita (n) song, singing.

* Vissajjesi must be used in connection with wealth.

(to be continued..)