Dear Yong Peng and group,

>
>Furthermore, I have questions about your last point: '...the present
>participle sometimes is used to denote the action which is the cause
>of the action of the main verb, in the present case kilanta "tired"'.
>
>Can you explain:
>Why 'kilanta' is the main verb? as I mentioned previously, the main
>verb should be 'hoti' (which is implied).

This is a very good question. It's important to keep in mind that in
Pali, the main verbal action can be expressed by a participle, as in
the above. This is a fundamental point and is one of the ways in
which we need to unlearn modern English grammar when learning Pali
grammar. I've noticed you refer to the Pali idea of the 'agent' of a
sentence, and you're no doubt aware of how this differs from the
English concept of a (grammatical) 'subject'. The above is another
one of these differences. Despite the fact that you could read in an
implied verb meaning 'to be', the main verbal action (around which
the clause is structured) is contained in the participle 'kilanta'
there. This is important because the main verbal action is central to
all analysis of sentences.

The rest of your questions appear equally productive and helpful,
though I have to say I am still convinced by Ole's explanation of the
sentence.

best regards,

/Rett