after reading what you have written and contemplating on the use of
gerund/absolutives in Pali, I have come up with the following
conclusion. Please correct me if I am wrong.
1. The agent of the gerund is the same as that of the main verb.
This explains why it is also an indeclinable participle.(?)
2. The gerund describes an action preceding that of the main verb of
the sentence, or an action before another (in this case acting as
the equivalent of the English conjunction "and).