Present Tense, Active Voice
3rd Person: [sing.] + ati [plur.] + anti
2nd Person: [sing.] + asi [plur.] + atha
1st Person: [sing.] + aami [plur.] + aama
[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 12:
Translate into English:
1. Tva.m mittehi saddhi.m rathena aapa.namhaa bha.n.daani aaharasi.
tva.m = you
mittehi = friends (ins.)
saddhi.m = with (indec.)
rathena = vehicle (ins.)
aapa.namhaa = shop (abl.)
bha.n.daani = goods (acc.)
aaharasi = bring (2nd person, sing.)
Ans: You bring goods from the shop in the vehicle with friends.
2. Aha.m udakamhaa padumaani aaharitvaa vaa.nijassa dadaami.
aha.m = I
udakamhaa = water (abl.)
padumaani = lotuses (acc.)
aaharitvaa = having brought
vaa.nijassa = merchant (dat.)
dadaami = give (1st person, sing.)
Ans: I, having brought lotuses from the water, give them to the
merchant.
3. Tumhe sama.naana.m daatu.m ciivaraani pariyesatha.
tumhe = you (plur.)
sama.naana.m = monk (dat.)
daatu.m = to give
ciivaraani = robes (acc.)
pariyesatha = search (2nd person, plur.)
Ans: You search for the robes to give to the monk.
4. Maya.m sagge uppajjitu.m aaka"nkhamaanaa siilaani rakkhaama.
maya.m = we
sagge = heaven (loc.)
uppajjitu.m = to be born
aaka"nkhamaanaa = hoping
siilaani = precepts (acc.)
rakkhaama = protect (1st person, plur.)
Ans: We hoping to be born in heaven protect precepts/practise virtues.
5. Te dhamma.m adhigantu.m ussahantaana.m sama.naana.m daana.m
dadanti.
te = they
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
adhigantu.m = to understand
ussahantaana.m = trying
sama.naana.m = monks (dat.)
daana.m = alms
dadanti = give (3rd person, plur.)
Ans: They give alms to monks trying to understand the doctrine.
6. So ara~n~namhi uppatante saku.ne passitu.m pabbata.m aaruhati.
so = he
ara~n~namhi = forest (loc.)
uppatante = flying
saku.ne = birds (acc.)
passitu.m = to see
pabbata.m = mountain (acc.)
aaruhati = climbs (3rd person, sing.)
Ans: He climbs the mountain to see birds flying in the forest.
7. Maya.m sugatassa saavake vanditu.m vihaarasmi.m sannipataama.
maya.m = we
sugatassa = Buddha's (gen.)
saavake = disciples (acc.)
vanditu.m = to worship
vihaarasmi.m = monastery (loc.)
sannipataama = assemble (1st person, plur.)
Ans: We assemble in the monastery to worship the Buddha's disciples.
8. Aagacchanta.m taapasa.m disvaa so bhatta.m aaharitu.m geha.m
pavisati.
aagacchanta.m = coming
taapasa.m = hermit (acc.)
disvaa = having seen
so = he
bhatta.m = rice (acc.)
aaharitu.m = to bring
geha.m = house (acc.)
pavisati = enters (3rd person, sing.)
Ans: Having seen the hermit coming, he enters the house to bring rice.
9. Aha.m udaka.m oruyha braahmanassa dussaani dhovaami.
aha.m = I
udaka.m = water (acc.)
oruyha = having descended
braahmanassa = brahmin's (gen.)
dussaani = clothes (acc.)
dhovaami = wash (1st person, sing.)
Ans: I descend into water and wash the brahmin's clothes.
10. Tva.m gehassa dvaara.m vivaritvaa paaniiya.m pattamhaa aadaaya
pivasi.
tva.m = you (sing.)
gehassa = house's (gen.)
dvaara.m = door (acc.)
vivaritvaa = having opened
paaniiya.m = drinking water (acc.)
pattamhaa = bowl (abl.)
aadaaya = having taken
pivasi = drink (2nd person, sing.)
Ans: You open the door of the house, take drinking water from the
bowl and drink.
11. Aha.m hira~n~na.m pariyesanto diipamhi aavaa.te kha.naami.
aha.m = I
hira~n~na.m = gold (acc.)
pariyesanto = searching
diipamhi = island (loc.)
aavaa.te = pits (acc.)
kha.naami = dig (1st person, sing.)
Ans: I dig pits in the island searching for gold.
12. Phalaani khaadantaa tumhe rukkhehi oruhatha.
phalaani = fruits (acc.)
khaadantaa = eating
tumhe = you (plur.)
rukkhehi = trees (abl.)
oruhatha = descend (2nd person, plur.)
Ans: You, who are eating fruits, descend from trees.
13. Paasaa.nasmi.m .thatvaa tva.m canda.m passitu.m ussahasi.
paasaa.nasmi.m = rock (loc.)
.thatvaa = having stood
tva.m = you (sing.)
canda.m = moon (acc.)
passitu.m = to see
ussahasi = try (2nd person, sing.)
Ans: Having stood on the rock, you try to see the moon.
14. Maya.m manussalokamhaa cavitvaa sagge uppajjitu.m aaka"nkhaama.
Ans: We, having departed from the human world, hope to be born in
heaven.
15. Tumhe ara~n~ne vasante mige sarehi vijjhitu.m icchatha.
Ans: You (plur.) wish to shoot with arrows deers living in the forest.
16. Maya.m uyyaane carantaa sunakhehi saddhi.m kii.lante daarake
passaama.
Ans: We, walking in the park, see children playing with dogs.
17. Tva.m rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa aacariyassa daatu.m vattha.m
sibbasi.
Ans: You (sing.), having seated at the foot of the tree, sew a cloth
to give to the teacher.
18. Maya.m pu~n~na.m icchantaa sama.naana.m daana.m dadaama.
Ans: We, wishing for merit, give alms to monks.
19. Tumhe sacca.m adhigantu.m aarabhatha.
Ans: You (plur.) begin to understand the truth.
20. Tva.m giita.m gaayanto rodanta.m daaraka.m rakkhasi.
Ans: You (sing.), singing a song, protect the crying child.
21. Maya.m hasantehi kumaarehi saha uyyaane naccaama.
Ans: We dance in the park with boys who are laughing.
22. So paaniiya.m pivitvaa patta.m bhinditvaa maatulamhaa bhaayati.
Ans: He, having drunk water and broken the bowl, fears the uncle.
23. Paasaada.m upasa"nkamanta.m sama.na.m disvaa bhuupaalassa citta.m
pasiidati.
Ans: Having seen the monk approaching the palace, the king's mind is
pleased.
24. Maya.m ara~n~na.m pavisitvaa ajaana.m pa.n.naani sa.mharaama.
Ans: We enter the forest and collect leaves for goats.
25. Khetta.m rakkhanto so aavaa.te kha.nante varaahe disvaa
paasaa.nehi paharati.
Ans: Protecting the field, he, having seen pigs digging pits, hits
them with stones.
Translate into Paali:
1. I call the child who is stroking the dog's body.
Ans: Aha.m sunakhassa kaaya.m aamasanta.m daaraka.m paakosaami.
2. We try to learn the truth speaking with the monks who assemble in
the monastery.
Ans: Maya.m vihaare sannipatantehi sama.nehi saha bhaasantaa sacca.m
adhigantu.m ussahaama.
3. Sitting in the park you (plur.) eat fruits with friends.
Ans: Uyyaanasmi.m nisiidantaa tumhe mittehi saha phalaani bhu~njatha.