The suffix +nta/mana is added to the verbal base to form the present
participles. They function as adjectives and agree in gender, number
and case with the nouns they qualify.
[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 11:
Translate into English:
1. Paaniiya.m yaacitvaa rodanto daarako ma~ncamhaa patati.
paaniiya.m = drinking water (acc.)
yaacitvaa = having begged
rodanto = crying
daarako = child (nom.)
ma~ncamhaa = bed (abl.)
patati = falls
Ans: The crying child, having begged/asked for (drinking) water,
falls from the bed.
2. Vatthaani labhitu.m icchanto vaa.nijo aapa.na.m gacchati.
vatthaani = clothes (neut./acc.)
labhitu.m = to get
icchanto = wishing
vaa.nijo = merchant (nom.)
aapa.na.m = shop (acc.)
gacchati = goes
Ans: The merchant, wishing to get clothes, goes to the shop.
3. Upaasako padumaani aadaaya vihaara.m gacchamaano Buddha.m disvaa
pasiidati.
upaasako = lay devotee (nom.)
padumaani = lotuses (neut./acc.)
aadaaya = having taken
vihaara.m = monastery (acc.)
gacchamaano = going
Buddha.m = Buddha (acc.)
disvaa = having seen
pasiidati = is pleased
Ans: The lay devotee, taking lotuses and going to the monastery, sees
the Buddha and is pleased.
4. Saku.no tu.n.dena phala.m haranto rukkhasmaa uppatati.
saku.no = bird (nom.)
tu.n.dena = beak (ins.)
phala.m = fruit (acc.)
haranto = carrying
rukkhasmaa = tree (abl.)
uppatati = flies
Ans: The bird carrying the fruit in its beak flies from the tree.
5. Ciivara.m pariyesantassa sama.nassa aacariyo ciivara.m dadaati.
ciivara.m = robe (acc.)
pariyesantassa = searching
sama.nassa = monk (dat.)
aacariyo = teacher (nom.)
ciivara.m = robe (acc.)
dadaati = gives
Ans: The teacher gives the robe to the monk seeking a robe.
6. Ara~n~ne aahi.n.danto luddako dhaavanta.m miga.m passitvaa sarena
vijjhati.
ara~n~ne = forest (loc.)
aahi.n.danto = wandering
luddako = hunter (nom.)
dhaavanta.m = running
miga.m = deer (acc.)
passitvaa = having seen
sarena = arrow (ins.)
vijjhati = shoots
Ans: The hunter wandering/roaming in the forest, having seen the deer
running, shoots with an arrow.
7. Uyyaane aahi.n.damaanamhaa kumaaramhaa braahma.no padumaani
yaacati.
uyyaane = park (loc.)
aahi.n.damaanamhaa = wandering
kumaaramhaa = boy (abl.)
braahma.no = brahmin (nom.)
padumaani = lotuses (neut./acc.)
yaacati = begs
Ans: The brahmin begs/asks for lotuses from the boy wandering in the
park.
8. Rathena gacchamaanehi amaccehi saha aacariyo hasati.
rathena = chariot (ins.)
gacchamaanehi = going
amaccehi = ministers (ins.)
saha = with (indec.)
aacariyo = teacher (nom.)
hasati = laughs
Ans: The teacher laughs with the ministers going in the chariot.
9. Daana.m dadaamaanaa siilaani rakkhamaanaa manussaa sagge
uppajjanti.
daana.m = alms (acc.)
dadaamaanaa = giving
siilaani = virtues (acc.)
rakkhamaanaa = protecting
manusaa = men (nom.)
sagge = heaven (loc.)
uppajanti = are born
Ans: Men giving alms and protecting virtues are born in heaven.
10. Dha~n~na.m aaka"nkhantassa purisassa dhana.m daatu.m vaa.nijo
icchati.
dha~n~na.m = corn (acc.)
aaka"nkhantassa = hoping
purisassa = man (dat.)
dhana.m = wealth (acc.)
daatu.m = to give
vaa.nijo = merchant (nom.)
icchati = wishes
Ans: The merchant wishes to give wealth to the man hoping for
corn/grain.
11. Go.ne hanantaa rukkhe chindantaa asappurisaa dhana.m sa.mharitu.m
ussahanti.
go.ne = oxen (acc.)
hanantaa = killing
rukkhe = trees (acc.)
chindantaa = cutting
asappurisaa = wicked men (nom.)
dhana.m = wealth (acc.)
sa.mharitu.m = to collect
ussahanti = try
Ans: Wicked men killing oxen and cutting trees try to collect/gather
wealth.
12. Vihaara.m upasa"nkamanto Buddho dhamma.m bhaasamaane saavake
passati.
vihaara.m = monastery (acc.)
upasa"nkamanto = approaching
Buddho = Buddha (nom.)
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
bhaasamaane speaking
saavake = disciples (acc.)
passati = sees
Ans: Buddha, who is approaching the monastery, sees disciples
discussing dhamma.
13. Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa giitaani gaayantaa kumaaraa naccitu.m
aarabhanti.
rukkhamuule = foot of a tree (loc.)
nisiiditvaa = having seated
giitaani = songs (acc.)
gaayantaa = singing
kumaaraa = boys (nom.)
naccitu.m = to dance
aarabhanti = begin
Ans: Having seated at the foot of a tree, boys singing songs begin to
dance.
14. Suva.n.na.m labhitu.m ussahantaa manussaa pabbatasmi.m aavaa.te
kha.nanti.
Ans: People trying to get gold dig pits in the mountain.
15. Udaka.m paatu.m icchanto siiho udaka.m pariyesamaano vanamhi
carati.
Ans: The lion wishing to drink water moves in the forest searching
for water.
16. Vetana.m labhitu.m aaka"nkhamaano naro rajakaaya dussaani dhovati.
Ans: The man hoping to get wages washes clothes for the washerman.
17. Sama.nehi bhaasantaa upaasakaa sacca.m adhigantu.m ussahanti.
Ans: Lay devotees speaking with monks try to understand the truth.
18. Magge sayanta.m sunakha.m udakena si~ncitvaa daarako hasati.
Ans: Having sprinkled the dog sleeping on the road with water, the
child laughs.
19. Siila.m rakkhantaa sappurisaa manussalokaa cavitvaa devaloke
uppajjanti.
Ans: Virtuous men protecting virtue, having departed from the human
world, is born in the celestial world.
20. Dhana.m sa.mharitu.m ussahanto vaa.nijo samudda.m taritvaa
diipa.m gantu.m aarabhati.
Ans: The merchant trying to collect wealth, having crossed the sea,
begins to go to the island.
21. Go.ne pariyesamaano vane aahi.n.danto kassako siiha.m disvaa
bhaayati.
Ans: The farmer wandering/roaming in the forest searching for oxen,
having seen a lion, gets frightened.
22. Rukkhesu nisiiditvaa phalaani bhu~njamaanaa kumaaraa giita.m
gaayanti.
Ans: Boys sitting on trees and eating fruits sing a song.
23. Citta.m pasiiditvaa dhamma.m adhigantu.m ussahantaa naraa sagge
uppajjanti.
Ans: With a pleased mind, men trying to understand dhamma are born in
heaven.
24. Tu.n.dena pi.takamhaa maccha.m aaka.d.dhitu.m icchanto kaako
sunakhamhaa bhaayati.
Ans: The crow wishing to drag the fish from the basket with its beak
fears the dog.
25. Having ploughed the field, the farmer sowing seeds hopes to get
corn.
26. Men, who see objects with eyes by the light of the sun, live in
the world.
27. Having seated at the foot of a tree, the lay devotee speaks with
the monk sewing a robe.
28. Leaves fall on the body of the beggar sleeping at the foot of a
tree.
29. Having given money to the merchant, the minister tries to get
horses.
30. After drinking milk, the child who is laughing throws the bowl on
the bed.
Translate into Paali:
1. The man washing clothes speaks with the boy going on the road.
Ans: Vatthaani dhovanto naro magge gacchantena kumaarena saha
bhaasati.
2. The brahmin sees the deer coming out of the forest to drink water.
Ans: Braahma.no udaka.m paatu.m ara~n~nasmaa nikkhamanta.m miga.m
passati.
3. Goats in the park eat leaves falling from the trees.
Ans: Ajaa uyyaane rukkhehi patantaani pa.n.naani khaadanti.