The suffix +tu.m is added to the root of a verb with or sometimes
without the connecting vowel (i) to form the infinitive.
[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 10:
Translate into English:
1. Kumaaraa vanamhi mittehi saha kii.litvaa bhatta.m bhu~njitu.m
geha.m dhaavanti.
kumaaraa = boys (nom.)
vanamhi = forest (loc.)
mittehi = friends (ins.)
saha = with (indec.)
kii.litvaa = having played
bhatta.m = rice (acc.)
bhu~njitu.m = to eat
geha.m = house (acc.)
dhaavanti = run
Ans: Boys, having played with friends in the forest, run home to eat
rice.
2. Migaa ti.na.m khaaditvaa udaka.m paatu.m pabbatamhaa uyyaana.m
aagacchanti.
migaa = deer (nom./plur.)
ti.na.m = grass (acc.)
khaaditvaa = having eaten
udaka.m = water (acc.)
paatu.m = to drink
pabbatamhaa = mountain (abl.)
uyyaana.m = park (acc.)
aagacchanti = come
Ans: Deer, having eaten grass, come to the park from the mountain to
drink water.
3. Vaa.nijassa putto bha.n.daani aaharitu.m rathena nagara.m gacchati.
vaa.nijassa = merchant's (gen.)
putto = son (nom.)
bha.n.daani = goods (neut./acc.)
aaharitu.m = to bring
rathena = chariot (ins.)
nagara.m = city (acc.)
gacchati = goes
Ans: The merchant's son goes to the city in a chariot to bring goods.
4. Yaacako maatulassa kuddaalena aavaa.ta.m kha.nitu.m icchati.
yaacako = beggar (nom.)
maatulassa = uncle's (gen.)
kuddaalena = hoe (ins.)
aavaa.ta.m = pit (acc.)
kha.nitu.m = to dig
icchati = wishes
Ans: The beggar wishes to dig a pit with his uncle's hoe.
5. Amaccaa bhuupaala.m passitu.m paasaadamhi sannipatanti.
amaccaa = ministers (nom.)
bhuupaala.m = king (acc.)
passitu.m = to see
paasaadamhi = palace (loc.)
sannipatanti = assemble
Ans: Ministers assemble in the palace to see the king.
6. Go.naa uyyaane aahi.n.ditvaa kassakassa khetta.m aagacchanti.
go.naa = oxen (nom.)
uyyaane = park (loc.)
aahi.n.ditvaa = having wandered
kassakassa = farmer's (gen.)
khetta.m = field (acc.)
aagacchanti = come
Ans: Oxen, having wandered/roamed in the park, come to the farmer's
field.
7. Upaasakaa sama.naana.m daana.m daatu.m vihaara.m pavisanti.
upaasakaa = lay devotees (nom.)
sama.naana.m = monks (dat.)
daana.m = alms (acc.)
daatu.m = to give
vihaara.m = monastery (acc.)
pavisanti = enter
Ans: Lay devotees enter the monastery to give alms to monks.
8. Rathena nagara.m gantu.m puriso gehasmaa nikkhamati.
rathena = chariot (ins.)
nagara.m = city (acc.)
gantu.m = to go
puriso = man (nom.)
gehasmaa = house (abl.)
nikkhamati = leaves
Ans: To go to the city in a chariot, the man leaves the house.
9. Braahma.no vejjena saddhi.m nahaayitu.m udaka.m otarati.
braahma.no = brahmin (nom.)
vejjena = doctor (ins.)
saddhi.m = with (indec.)
nahaayitu.m = to bathe
udaka.m = water (acc.)
otarati = descends
Ans: The brahmin descends into water to bathe with the doctor.
10. Coro amaccassa geha.m pavisitu.m uyyaane aahi.n.dati.
coro = thief (nom.)
amaccassa = minister's (gen.)
geha.m = house (acc.)
pavisitu.m = to enter
uyyaane = park (loc.)
aahi.n.dati = wanders
Ans: The thief wanders in the park to enter the minister's house.
11. Siiho pabbatamhi sayitvaa u.t.thaaya miga.m hantu.m oruhati.
siiho = lion (nom.)
pabbatamhi = mountain (loc.)
sayitvaa = having slept
u.t.thaaya = having got up
miga.m = deer (acc.)
hantu.m = to kill
oruhati = descends
Ans: The lion, having slept on the mountain, gets up and descends to
kill a deer.
12. Udaka.m otaritvaa vatthaani dhovitu.m rajako putta.m pakkosati.
Ans: The washerman calls his son to step into the water and wash
clothes.
13. Tathaagata.m passitvaa vanditu.m upaasako vihaara.m pavisati.
Ans: The lay devotee enters the monastery to see the Buddha and
worship him.
14. Khetta.m kasitu.m kassako kuddaala.m aadaaya gehaa nikkhamati.
Ans: The farmer, having taken the hoe, leaves the house to plough the
field.
15. Sarehi mige vijjhitu.m luddakaa sunakhehi saha ara~n~na.m
pavisanti.
Ans: To shoot deer with arrows, hunters enter the forest with dogs.
16. Naraa gaamamhaa nikkhamitvaa nagare vasitu.m icchanti.
Ans: Men wish to leave the village and dwell in the city.
17. Saku.ne passitu.m amaccaa kumaarehi saha pabbata.m aaruhanti.
Ans: Ministers climb the mountain with boys to see birds.
18. Pabbatasmaa rukkha.m aaka.d.dhitu.m vaa.nijena saha kassako
gacchati.
Ans: The farmer goes with the merchant to drag the tree from the
mountain.
19. Phalaani khaaditu.m makka.taa rukkhesu caranti.
Ans: Monkeys move on trees to eat fruits.
20. Pa.n.dito sugatassa saavakehi saddhi.m bhaasitu.m icchati.
Ans: The wise man wishes to speak with/to the Buddha's disciples.
21. Samudda.m taritvaa diipa.m gantvaa vatthaani aaharitu.m vaa.nijaa
icchanti.
Ans: Merchants wish to cross the sea and go to the island to bring
clothes.
22. Pupphaani sa.mharitvaa udakena aasi~ncitu.m upaasako kumaare
ovadati.
Ans: The lay devotee advises the boys to collect flowers and sprinkle
them with water.
23. The child wishes to touch the goat's body with his hands.
24. The washerman's sons wish to sit on the seats in the brahmin's
house.
25. The child cries asking for water to drink.
Translate into Paali:
1. Goats roam in the park to eat leaves and drink water.
Ans: Ajaa pa.n.naani khaaditvaa udaka.m paatu.m uyyaane aahi.n.danti.
2. The wicked man wishes to hit the dog with his foot.
Ans: Asappuriso paadena kukkura.m paharitu.m icchati.
3. Friends go to the park to play with their dogs.
Ans: Mittaa kukkurehi saha kii.litu.m uyyaana.m gacchanti.