The absolutive or the indeclinable participle, also known as the
gerund. The suffix +tvaa or +ya is added to the root of a verb to
form the absolutive.
[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 9:
Translate into English:
1. Upaasako vihaara.m gantvaa sama.naana.m daana.m dadaati.
upaasako = lay devotee (nom.)
vihaara.m = monastery (acc.)
gantvaa = having gone
sama.naana.m = monks (dat.)
daana.m = alms (acc.)
dadaati = gives
Ans: The lay devotee, having gone to the monastery, gives alms to
monks.
2. Saavako aasanamhi nisiiditvaa paade dhovati.
saavako = disciple (nom.)
aasanamhi = seat (loc.)
nisiiditvaa = having sat
paade = feet (acc.)
dhovati = washes
Ans: The disciple, having sat on the seat, washes his feet.
3. Daarakaa pupphaani sa.mharitvaa maatulassa datvaa hasanti.
daarakaa = children (nom.)
pupphaani = flowers (neut./acc.)
sa.mharitvaa = having collected
maatulassa = uncle (dat.)
datvaa = having given
hasanti = laugh
Ans: The children, having collected flowers and given to the uncle,
laugh.
4. Vaacakaa uyyaanamhaa aagamma kassakasmaa odana.m yaacanti.
vaacakaa = beggars (nom.)
uyyaanamhaa = park (abl.)
aagamma = having come
kassakasmaa = farmer (abl.)
odana.m = rice (acc.)
yaacanti = beg
Ans: Beggars, having come from the park, beg rice from the farmer.
5. Luddako hatthena sare aadaaya ara~n~na.m pavisati.
luddako = hunter (nom.)
hatthena = hand (ins.)
sare = arrows (acc.)
aadaaya = having taken
ara~n~na.m = forest (acc.)
pavisati = enters
Ans: The hunter, having taken the arrows in his hand, enters the
forest.
6. Kumaaraa kukkurena saddhi.m kii.litvaa samudda.m gantvaa
nahaayanti.
kumaaraa = boys (nom.)
kukkurena = dog (ins.)
saddhi.m = with (indec.)
kii.litvaa = having played
samudda.m = sea (acc.)
gantvaa = having gone
nahaayanti = bathe
Ans: Boys, having played with the dog, go to the sea and bathe.
7. Vaa.nijo paasaa.nasmi.m .thatvaa kuddaalena sappa.m paharati.
vaa.nijo = merchant (nom.)
paasaa.nasmi.m = rock (loc.)
.thatvaa = having stood
kuddaalena = hoe (ins.)
sappa.m = serpent (acc.)
paharati = hits
Ans: The merchant, having stood on the rock, hits the serpent with
the hoe.
8. Sappuriso yaacakassa putte pakkositvaa vatthaani dadaati.
sappuriso = virtuous man (nom.)
yaacakassa = beggar's (gen.)
putte = sons (acc.)
pakkositvaa = having called
vatthaani = clothes (neut./acc.)
dadaati = gives
Ans: The virtuous man, having called the beggar's sons, gives clothes.
9. Daarako aavaa.tamhi patitvaa rodati.
daarako = child (nom.)
aavaa.tamhi = pit (loc.)
patitvaa = having fallen
rodati = cries
Ans: The child, having fallen into the pit, cries.
10. Bhuupaalo paasaadamhaa nikkhamitvaa amaccena saddhi.m bhaasati.
bhuupaalo = king (nom.)
paasaadamhaa = palace (abl.)
nikkhamitvaa = having left
amaccena = minister (ins.)
saddhi.m = with (indec.)
bhaasati = speaks
Ans: The king, having left the palace, speaks with the minister.
11. Sunakho udaka.m pivitvaa gehamhaa nikkhamma magge sayati.
sunakho = dog (nom.)
udaka.m = water (acc.)
pivitvaa = having drunk
gehamhaa = house (abl.)
nikkhamma = having left
magge = road (loc.)
sayati = sleeps
Ans: The dog, having drunk water and left the house, sleeps on the
road.
12. Sama.naa bhuupaalassa uyyaane sannipatitvaa dhamma.m bhaasanti.
Ans: The monks, having assembled in the king's park, speak/talk about
dhamma.
13. Putto nahaatvaa bhatta.m bhutvaa ma~nca.m aaruyha sayati.
Ans: The son, having eaten the rice and bathed, climbs/gets onto the
bed and sleeps.
14. Vaa.nijaa diipamhaa nagara.m aagamma aacariyassa gehe vasanti.
Ans: Merchants, having come to the city from the island, live in the
teacher's house.
15. Rajako vatthaani dhovitvaa putta.m pakkosati.
Ans: The washerman, having washed the clothes, calls his son.
16. Vaanaraa rukkhehi oruyha uyyaane aahi.n.danti.
Ans: Monkeys, having descended from trees, wander in the park.
17. Migaa vanamhi aahi.n.ditvaa pa.n.naani khaadanti.
Ans: Deer (plur.), having wandered in the forest, eat leaves.
18. Kumaaro nayanaani dhovitvaa suriya.m passati.
Ans: The boy, having washed his eyes, sees the sun.
19. Naavikassa mittaa nagarasmaa bha.n.daani aadaaya gaama.m
aagacchanti.
Ans: The sailor's friends, having taken goods from the city, come to
the village.
20. Daarako khiira.m pivitvaa gehamhaa nikkhamma hasati.
Ans: The child, having drunk milk and left the house, laughs.
21. Virtuous/good men, having given alms and protected virtues, go to
heaven.
22. The pig, having come out of the water and descended into the pit,
sleeps.
23. The hermit, having seen and worshipped Buddha's disciple, asks a
question.
24. The wicked man, having broken the beggar's bowl and scolded him,
goes home.
25. Birds, having flown from trees in the village, descend into the
forest.
26. The wise man, having got up from the seat, speaks with the hermit.
27. The child, having left the house, calls the uncle and enter the
house.
28. Deities, having been pleased with virtuous men, protect them.
29. The boy's friends, having climbed the palace, sit on the seats.
30. Oxen, having wandered in the field and eaten grass, sleep.
Translate into Paali:
1. Having gone out of the house the farmer enters the field.
Ans: Kassako gehamhaa nikkhamma khetta.m pavisati.
2. Having preached (deseti*) the doctine, the Buddha enters the
monastery.
Ans: Buddho dhamma.m desetvaa vihaara.m pavisati.
3. The king having been pleased with the Buddha, abandons the palace
and goes to the monastery.
Ans: Bhuupaalo Buddhasmi.m pasiiditvaa paasaada.m pajahitvaa
vihaara.m gacchati.