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>>"cioban" which should be pronounced as "tschöban" in German..
Not at all. In the Romanian spelling cioban, _i_ is inserted after
_c_ only to signalize: "pronounce it [Ä]!". There is no [jo] there
whatsoever. (Explanation: there has been a weird habit for Romanians
outside the Carpathian "arch" range to think of _io_ [jo] as
an awkward substitution for _ö_; the same applies to a _iu_ [ju]
for "ü". Such people tend to pronounce Köln [Kjoln], München
[miunhÉn].)
The Turkish spelling of it is _çoban_ (ç [Ä]). Variant in
Turkic languages: _çaban_. Also _Ãolpan_ "Venus, morning star",
as in _Ãolpan yıldızı_ or _Ãoban yıldızı_ (in Turkish "shepherd's
star") [tÊoban; tÊolpan jɨldɨzɨ] or [jɯldɯzɯ].
One of the _Pecheneg_ tribes described by emperor Constantine
Porphyrogenitus around AD 950 had the name _Ãoban_ or _Ãaban_
(in Greek rendered as _Tsopon_), led by the princeling or kagan
Bata, followed by Bula. (In those times, the Tchobans' realm
was by the Don river (in Russia). In that century, Pechenegs
were having manifold contacts & interactions with the Varangians
of the _GarðarÃki_ (seemingly some Varangians were included in
the "rank and file" of Pechenegs as well as of Proto-Hungarians).
>What's a Göd?
_Geld_ "money" in (east-)Austrian pronunciation (with an
elongated [ø:]. (In Bavaria, instead of it: [ej].)
Or a spelling variant for _Gött_ which is a dialectal synonym of
"Pate"/"godfather".
Or a spelling variant for the Low German name shortening
_Göde_ < _Godefried_, _Gottfried_ (i.e., _Jeffrey_, _Geoffrey_).
George
PS: Wahrig says:
/1/ Schöffe < OHG ´´_sceffino_ < _scaffin_; zu _schaffen_ "gestalten,
vollbringen", auch "(an)ordnen"``.
/2/ _schaffen_ < OHG ´´_saphan_, _sceffen_ (stark[e Form])
"erschaffen, gestalten", _scaffon_ (schwach) "formen, bilden"
< got. _(ga)skapjan_ "formen, bilden"; zu idg. [= PIE] _*skab-_
"schnitzen, gestalten"; verwandt mit _Schuppe, schaben_``