Re: Tudrus

From: Torsten
Message: 67125
Date: 2011-01-20

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "t0lgsoo1" <guestuser.0x9357@...> wrote:
>
>
>
> > > You don't realize, OTOH, that the assumed tiny groups
> > > of Jewish merchants, which really had that mobility and
> > > contacts with different populations, exactly for this
> > > reason (and, on top of that, being in command of several
> > > major languages, e.g. Greek, Latin, Hebrew, common
> > > Slavic, common Turkic), couldn't depend on an isolated
> > > Bastarnian group that barely could keep contacts with
> > > Germans living 1,000-2,000 km away.

> >they would have to rely on resident Bastarnian/Proto-Hochdeutsch
> >speaking Jews.
>
> Of course. The "Proto-Hochdeutsch" spoken in... Germany
> after its complete colonization by Germanic populations.
> In "our" case, by "Elbgermanen" (namely in the southern
> "half" of the German empire). This is a standard aspect of
> the history of the deutsche Sprache (vide infra).

The 'tiny groups of Jewish merchants' would have been a major operation,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhanite
Ibn Khordadbeh:
'They transport from the West eunuchs, female slaves, boys, brocade, castor, marten and other furs, and swords.'
something on the scale of the VOC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company
or the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanseatic_League
and the people in the waystations would have spoken with them in something earlier than OHG, but which was being constantly updated.


...


> >And of course your proposal had worked if Yiddish were a trade
> >language or Lingua Franca, but it is a first-language mother
> >tongue. What good would it do a group to switch to the trade
> >language of outsiders and forget the one they already spoke?
>

> Na, endlich!

Endlich what?

> Yiddish became a "lingua franca". But very late.

AFAIK, Yiddish was never a Lingua Franca.

> Besides: what was "lingua franca"?

You mean *the* Lingua Franca? I'm not sure you understand the term right.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca

> It was... German!

You're talking about the Ostsiedlung, I assume.

> On top of that, it was the precursor of... Oberdeutsch.
> Althochdeutsch is chiefly Oberdeutsch (vide infra).

Yes.

> >>(By and large, this fits the theory by those scholars
> >>who maintain that Eastern Jews and their Yiddish is a
> >>South-Western, Rhineland, German population that moved
> >>to the East; yet way after AD 1,000.)
> >
> >Yours, you mean.
>
> Come on, this is standard stuff. Not *my* invention.


First you claimed that Yiddish originated in the Rhineland and quotes sources which said the opposite. Then you said it didn't. Now you said it did and claim it's standard stuff.

> At that, Wexler was also convinced of it as well. :)

No, Wexler also knows it didn't.


> > > > > >Wrong.
> > > > > >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsistarians
> > > > >
> > > > > What do these ancient worshippers have to do with
> > > > > people speaking German Yiddish between the 14th
> > > > > century and 2011? (I mean linguistically, not genetically.)

> > > >They traded with the Bastarnians.
>
> > > They traded thousand times more with real Germans in
> > > Germany!

> >The Hypsistarians in the Bosporan Kingdom traded thousand times
> >more with real Germans in Germany than with the Bastarnians?
> >You are being incoherent.
>
> The incoherent is Torsten

You are being incoherent, George. Comment on the above.

: forever, he puts Bosporans &
> Bastarnians in the same ... time machine with Yiddish-
> speaking people.

Proto-Yiddish.


> Why can't you say, as everybody says,
> "Elbgermanen" seem to have spoken Germanic dialects
> from which later on evolved MHG and Oberdeutsch and
> Hochdeutsch?

Here's my scenario:
The Sciri/Cimbri of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastorf_culture
expanded east into the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistula_Veneti
of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatian_culture ;
at the same time Slavs expanded, the clash resulted in the mixed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeworsk_culture
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarubintsy_culture .
The
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scirii
/Cimbri expanded southeast, forming the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastarnae
culture in Poieneşti-Lukaševka (not in Wikipedia), situated appr. in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova
where they encounter the predominantly Jewish(?) network of the Greek cities of the Black Sea northern coast, among them the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporan_kingdom ,
which switches to the Proto-Hochdeutsch Bastarnian language. In 89 BCE the Bastarnians attack the Dacians en route to the Balkans on the instigation of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithridates_VI_of_Pontus
but in 72 BCE they suffer defeat at the hands of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista
and are forced to withdraw to the Cimbri/Sciri territory of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeworsk_culture
where they form a new upper layer, speaking Proto-Oberdeutsch in the Proto-Niederdeutsch speaking population. Part of this new population moves west into the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastorf_culture
changing it into the Elbe Germanic culture, part of it continue under
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariovistus
and his
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suevi
into
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace
where they are defeated by Caesar in 58 BCE, after colonizing part of it. After that Elbe Germanic group begin migrating south to take over where Ariovistus started.

OK?


> Then it's OK.

Sorry, can't help you there.


> To which extent exactly the Bastarnae idiom played a
> role, nobody can say.

In the standard proposal, they simply disappeared.

> But what can be said is that
> in 2,000 years the relevant hochdeutsche dialects
> developed/metamorphosised under "thousand" influences
> until Yiddish gradually differed from medieval and
> modern Suebian, Franconian, Bavarian, Sudeten & Silezian
> East-"Frankish". (But, still, the differences are
> not as considerable as one might think: see below.)

Yes.

> >people stayed where they were if I don't have evidence to the
> >contrary.
>
> This is a ... "gem" (good to be "sigged"). :)

'Sigged'?


> >I don't think so. If we want to stick a name to the new upper
> >class in Przeworsk, Bastarnian fits the bill. If you have a better
> >candidate, mention it, and I will try to shoot it down.
>
> I don't care of the Bastarnians living in Protopoland,
> nor do I care that they might have been a "nobility"
> or "royal" class obeyed by various other Germanic
> tribes.

If you choose to neglect part of the proposal you asked me to explain to you you of course forfeit your right to criticize it. And besides, das ist eine Unverschämtheit.




> I'm told by "standard science" that Southern
> German is the result of the contribution by a population
> whose ancestors were the so-called "Elbgermanen". This
> implies that, of course, Yiddish must have "Elbgermanisch"
> "heritage" as well.

As you can see above, the Elbe Germani only play an intermediate role in my proposal.

> But, to me, it is here where the "Gemeinsamkeit" stops.

Okay.

> Prove that Bastarnians stayed there, developed their
> Germanic language in the exact way as their "cousins" did
> in the southern "Reich", and if you manage this, I'm gonna
> say "chapeau!".

We'll have to discuss method here: the first thing I have to show is that the scenario is feasible, that no hard facts prove that it was impossible. After that we can try to match the scenario to alternative scenarios, eg. the standard one. I don't have facts at this time which show that this is the only way it could have happened.

> Until then, read this:


> "Das Jiddische ist eine dem Deutschen nah verwandten
> Sprache. Sein Satzbau ist deutsch, der Wortschatz zu 70-75%,
> der Rest ist hebräisch-aramäisch, slawisch und romanisch.
> Es beruht auf deutschen Dialekten vor allem"...
>
> ... attention, pls! ...
>
> "... des 14. Jahrhunderts, nämlich bairisch und obermitteldeutsch.
>
Yes, that is the standard proposal.

> Das Niederdeutsche ist kaum daran beteiligt, weil es dort
> sehr wenig Juden gab. Bairisch sind zum Beispiel die
> Pronomina _ets, enk, enker_ "ihr", "euch", "euer" im
> Ostjiddischen" ...
>
> NB: the Przeworsk area belongs to Ostjiddisch,
> according to the attached colored map.

Be careful not to confuse the area of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeworsk_culture
with the area around the town of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeworsk


> ... "mittelhochdeutsch die Lautverschiebungsstufe
> _apl, kop, strump_ "Apfel, Kopf, Strump", fefer, flaster
> "Pfeffer, Pflaster" wie die Monophthongierung in
> _šisn, bridr, brudr_ "schießen, Brüder, Bruder".
>
> Woher die romanischen Elemente des Jiddischen kommen,
> ist strittig; man weiß zu wenig über die Frühgeschichte
> des Judentums in Europa. Man hat sowohl an das Spanische
> wie das Französische und Italienische gedacht. Auch
> wichtige Wörter des religiösen Bereichs werden zu
> romanischen Wurzeln gestellt werden: _bentšn_ "segnen"
> (zu lat. _benedicere_), _laienen_ "lesen" (zu lat. _legere_),
> westjiddisch _orn_ "beten" (zu lat. _orare_) und andere mehr."
>
> [...]
>
> "Die slawischen Elemente, die vor allem dem Ostjiddischen
> eigen sind, gehören mehr in den Bereich des täglichen Lebens:
> _bik_ "Stier" (zu slaw. _byk_), _katška_ "Ente" (zu slaw. _kačka_),
> _rak_ "Krebs" (zu slaw. _rak_). Der Mischcharakter des
> Jiddischen zeigt sich nicht mehr nur im Wortschatz, sondern
> vor allem auch in der Morphologie, die hebräische, slawische und
> deutsche Elemente beliebig" [!!] "mischen kann.
>
> Das Jiddische ist keine einheitliche Sprache; es ist selbst in
> Dialekte gegliedert, wobei die Trennung in Ostjiddisch und
> Westjiddisch grundlegend ist."
>
> NB: Westjiddisch was the one in the German-speaking
> territories, up to Vienna and slightly beyond the river of
> Elbe plus Eastern Prussia.
>
> "Das Westjiddische fiel ungefähr mit dem deutschen Sprachgebiet
> zusammen. Der ständige Kontakt mit dem doch so nah verwandten
> Deutschen hat die Eigentümlichkeiten des Jiddischen sich hier
> nicht so stark ausprägen lassen."
>
> [Logisch!]

damaligen deutschen Sprachgebiet

> "Außerdem fällt mit der Sprachgrenze eine innerjüdische
> ethnisch-kulturelle Grenze zusammen: der Westen, eher
> international, der Aufklärung und dem Fortschritt zugetan,
> der Osten konservativ, der nationalen Tradition verhaftet.
> Der Westen: die Angleichung propagierend, der Osten:
> ds Eigene bewahrend. So erlebt nur das Ostjiddische eine
> Blüte, während das Westjiddische seti Aufklärung und
> Judenemanzipation zum Sterben verurteilt war. Dadurch
> sind bis heute im Westen nur noch geringe Reste des einst
> gewaltigen Ausdehnungsgebietes des Jiddischen vorhanden.
> In Deutschland erhielt sich in den jüdischen Unterschichten
> ein jüdischer Sonderwortschatz, das _Jüdisch-Deutsche_;
> die oberen Schichten hatten diese Sprache __ganz abgelegt__"
> [my underlining] "und sich dem Deutschen angepaßt".
>
> [...]

And a similar process might have taken place in the east with a trade network, with lesser results because of the distance involved.

> "Die Einheit des Jiddischen war trotz aller Abweichungen
> der Dialekte untereinander immer durch die einheitliche
> Schrift gewährleistet. Diese Schridft schreibt nach semitischer
> Art nur ausnahmsweise die Vokale: das Konsonantengerüst
> alleicht reicht nämlich aus, wenn man eine Sprache beherrscht,
> den Sinn zu erkennen (dt. _r ght ns Wrtshs_ ist zum Beispiel
> leicht zu entziffern). Dieses geschriebene Konsonantengerüst
> blieb nun für alle jiddischen Dialekte im wesentlichen gleich.
> Jeder, der so einen Text las, mochte ihn mit seiner eigenen
> Aussprache der Vokale füllen, vergleiche zum Beispiel die
> verschiedenen Dialektformen für _Vogel_: _fougl, foügl,
> faugl_; geschrieben _fgl_. [...]"
>
> As for "Zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache - Frühzeit",
> the relevant taxonomy in your Elbe & "Bastarnae" context,
> the "Gliederung" looks like this:
>
> Germanic populations
> -> Irmionen
> --> *Elbgermanen*
> --> ältere/jüngere Oder-/Weichselgermanen
>
> Elbgermanen
> -> Alemannen
> -> Bayern (a.k.a. Baiern)
> -> Langobarden
>
> Franken, Hessen etc. have a different lineage:
> < Weser-/Rheingermanen < Istväonen.
>
> (apud author Friedrich Maurer)
>
> "Doch seit Friedrich Maurer (1942) ist mit einer
> Fünfteilung für die ersten Jahrhunderte nach Christus
> zu rechnen. Diese Einteilung spiegelt sich auch im
> archäologischen Befund, der diese Gruppen für das
> 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert nach Christus in verschiedenen
> Fund(=Kultur-)provinzen nachweisen konnte (zur
> Problematik Kultureinheit siehe Spracheinheit Seite
> 43):
>
> [...]
>
> - die Elbgermanen and er mittleren Elbe mit den
> später auftretenden Stämmen der Semnonen,
> Hermunduren (den späteren Thüringern),
> Langobarden, Markomannen und Quaden, Baiern
> und Alemannen. Die Sprache der beiden letzteren
> is seit dem 8. Jahrhundert überliefert;"
>
> [that's the ... OHG]
>
> [...]
>
> "In dieser Gruppierung ist eine frühe westgermanische
> Einheit nicht gegeben. Die vorhandenen sprachlichen
> Übereinstimmungen in den letzten drei Gruppen der
> Maurerschen Einteilung (die dem früheren "Westgermanisch"
> entsprechen) werden als sekundäre Ausgleichsentwicklungen
> zwischen diesen drei alten Dialekten vor allem als Folge der
> politischen-kulturellen Einheit des Merowingerreiches
> angesehen."
>
> [... elements of "westgermanische Gemeinsamkeiten"
> as well as of "gotisch-skandinavischer Zusammenhang"
> and of "westgermanische-nordische Übereinstimmungen",
> and "gotische-hochdeutsche" ...]
>
> "Theodor Frings betont vor allem die gotisch-elbgermanische
> (= hochdeutsche) und die nordsee-germanisch-weser-rhein-
> germanischen Beziehungen. Er bringt die Dreiteilung des
> Tacitus (in der 'Germania') in die Kultbünde der Ingväonen,
> Istväonen und Irmionen mit der sprachlichen Dreiteilung
> des Westgermanischen zusammen (Nordsee-, Weser-Rhein-,
> Elbgermanen) und sieht diese auch in der heutigen Mundart-
> gliederung im Küstendeutsch (Niederländisch), Binnen-
> deutsch (Niederdeutsch) und Alpendeutsch, Süddeutsch
> (Hochdeutsch) wieder. Die Entstehung der gotisch-hoch-
> deutschen Gemeinsamkeiten verlegt er in eine Zeit früher
> Nachbarschaft im Ostseeraum, in die Mitte des 1. Jahr-
> tausends."
>
> Now then... Althochdeutsch:
>
> "Das Althochdeutsche ist die älteste schriftlich überlieferte
> Sprachform der Völker, die sich als 'deutsch' bezeichnen.
> Althochdeutsch: _Alt-_ im Gegensatz zu Mittel- und
> Neuhocdeutsch, _hoch-_ als geographischer Terminus
> im Gegensatz zu Niederdeutsch heute, beziehungsweise
> Altsächsisch und Altniederfränkisch im frühen Mittelalter.
> Alle damaligen Stammesdialekte und heutigen Mundarten,
> die Anteil haben an der zweiten oder alt_hoch_deutschen
> Lautverschiebung, sind dadurch _hochdeutsch_ (alemannisch,
> bairisch, ostfränkisch, rheinfränkisch, mittelfränkisch).
>
> [...]"
>
> "Geschriebenes und gesprochenes Althochdeutsch
>
> [.....] Häufig stellen AHG Texte auch Mischungen
> verschiedener Mundarten dar. Sie beruhen in der Regel auf
> Abschriften, bei denen versucht wurde, einen Dialekt in
> einen anderen zu übertragen, was bei den verschiedenen
> Werken nur mit unterschiedlichem Grad der Vollkommen-
> heit gelang. So z. B. ist das _Hildebrandslied_ nur in einer
> altsächsischen Abschrift eines bairischen oder langobardischen
> Originals erhalten, was man aus hyperkorrekten und nicht
> umgesetzten Formen erschließen kann.
> Die AHG Dialekte sind uns nur als Schreibsprachen greifbar:
> die aus vielen Gegenden zusammengekommenen Mönche
> bewirkten einen Ausgleich in den Schreibsprachen, der
> grobmundartliche Formen eliminierte; so erscheinen die
> typischen Kennzeichen des Bairischen, _ös_ und _enk_ für
> die Formen des Personalpronomens "ihr" und "euch"
> (Nominativ und Akkusativ) erst im 13. Jahrhundert in der
> schriftlichen Überlieferung."
>
> [And they are contained in Yiddish as well, even today:
> ets & enk. In today's Bavarian, ös/ets is restrained in
> the usage in verbal constructions as these: "wos macht's"?
> i.e. "was macht ihr?" And enk is generally replaced by
> euch with the pronunciation "aich".]
>
> "[.....] Die Aufzeichnung von 'gesungenen, vorgetragenen,
> heimischen, sehr wichtigen und altehrwürdigen Liedern,
> die das Leben und die Kriege der früheren Könige
> vergegenwärtigen', die Karl d. Gr. anregte, IST VERLOREN,
> und von der gesprochenen Alltagssprache ist in den poetischen
> Werken und in der lateinischen überformten Übersetzungs-
> literatur kaum etwas zu spüren. Einzig zwei karge
> Gesprächsbüchlein (in Paris und Kassel) lassen die Alltags-
> sprache des Volkes anklingen: _wer pist du? wanna
> quimis? fona weliheru lantskeffi sindos?_ "Wer bist du,
> woher kommst du? Aus welcher Gegend reist du an?"
> Oder: _Sclah en sin hals! (H)undes ars in dine naso!"
>
> Referring to MHG, one of the main ideas is that it was
> the sociolect of the "upper classes", in contrast with
> the dialects of the lower classes. Inter alia, that some
> typical features of today's South-German are attested
> already in the 13th-14th c.: "Für gewisse Gebiete
> Österreichs hat man nachweisen können, daß AHG
> _ei_ im 13. und 14. Jh. dort in der Sprache der Bauern
> _oa_ gelautet haben muß (_stoan_ für _stein_), während
> die Oberschicht mit dem Fränkischen zusammengeht
> und _a_ sagt (_stan_) (Zwierzina). Wenn der österreichische
> Adel seine Burgen im 13. Jh. _Arnfels, Greifenfels,
> Weißenfels_ und _Reichenfels_ nennt, so sind das über-
> regionale Modewörter; denn wie uns Sprachinseln mit
> altertümlicher Sprachform bezeugen, war das Wort
> _Fels_ damals in der bairisch-österreichischen Bauern-
> sprache nicht bekannt."
>
> Re. standard German (from which most of examples
> are taken in order to make comparisons), of importance
> is the text dealing with "ostmitteldeutsche Verkehrs-
> sprache" in the 15th-16th centuries. Actually, many
> Yiddish idiosyncrasies rather fit this "homogenization"
> of the language.
>
> +----------------------------------------------
> | in: "dtv-Atlas zur deutschen Sprache. Tafeln
> |und Texte. Mit Mundart-Karten. DTV, Munich,
> |1983, 5th edition, ISBN 3-423-03025-9
> +----------------------------------------------
>
> And, finally, an excerpt from "Der Spiegel, no. 36/1976,
> page 95 (first an explanatory note):
>
> "Jiddisch entwickelte sich aus dem Mittelhoch-
> deutschen. Nachdem das Laterankonzil von 1215
> die Juden in eigene Gettos zwang, vermischte sich
> deren Deutsch mit Elementen aus dem Hebräischen.
> Als dann später Tausende mitteleuropäischer Juden
> vor christlicher Verfolgung in den Osten flohen,
> bewahrten sie sich in geschlossenen Siedlungen
> in Polen und Westrußland ihr Jiddisch. <<Der
> Grundstock der Sprache war nach wie vor Deutsch.
> Der Geist, die Form, die Seele, der Klang führten...
> ein ostjüdisches Eigenleben>> (so die Publizistin
> Salcia Landmann). [...]"
>
> The beginning of the article:
>
> "Israel / Jiddisch träumen / <sub-caption>: Die
> einstige Umgangssprache der Juden, das Jiddische,
> wurde vom Hebräischen in die Defensive gedrängt.
> Nun aber soll sie wieder gepflegt werden - wohlan!
>
> 'Jiddisch is die schajnste Schprach, as man varschtejt
> a jedes Wort', hot erklärt der varschtorbener Minister-
> president Levy Eschkol. Ober der Jiddischist Jitzchak
> Korn hot Dages (Sorgen): Amol is gewen Jiddisch a
> Esperanto far ale Jidden. Hejnt mascheln nur Bobbes
> (Großmütter) und Saides (Großväter) Mameluschen
> (Mutters Sprache [or Mameloschn]).
> Far Hitlers Zajten hoben mehr fun zajn Million Jidden
> geredt Jiddisch. Hejnt varschtejn Jiddisch weniger fun
> a halbe Million, ale fun elteren Dor (Generation).
> Amol is gewen a barimte jiddische Literatur. Ojch
> Shakespeares Schticke sennen [sind] vardaitsch un
> varbessert gewarn. Hejnt sennen geblieben nur a sach
> jiddische Schreibers.
> Basinders in Jisruel redden weniger Jidden Jiddisch
> as ojf der ganzer Welt, hot gesogt Teddy Kollek, Birger-
> majster fun Jeruscholayim: 'Baj ins varschtejt sachhakol
> (insgesamt) nur a Vertel fun alle Jidden Jiddisch, die
> andren kummen fun der Lewante'.
> "Doch wer sehnt sich nit zirick zu Mames Zajten, zu
> Tschulent und Begelech, Lattkes und Lozelah, un ojch
> [auch] die jiddische Kultur will man ernajt baleben.
> Sogt Mordechai Feldmann fun Ratenfarband (Räteverband
> = Sowjetunion): "Ober mir eltere Menschen hoben a Recht
> zu fordern, men soll uns derlojben, in undser jiddischer
> Medine ojszileben sich in unser jiddischer Schprach. Mir
> hoben a Recht zu fordern, as in den Amten, welche sennen
> baschtimmt far dem naj Ongekummenen sollen ale
> Informatie-Materialn sejn nicht nor in Englisch, Russisch
> un so wajter, nor ojch in Jiddischn, undser Jugend soll
> wissen, as mitn jiddischen Wort sennen Jidden gegangen
> oifs [aufs] kidusch Haschem (in den Heldentod).' [.......]"
>
> (To me, actually, this is not a different *language*,
> and not MHG, but rather contemporary southern German.
> And quite the same is the Yiddish used by radio Kol
> Israel for broadcasting newsbulletins on shortwaves
> or by radio stations in New York, N.Y.)
>

Okay.


> >The Celtic or Para-Celtic Helvetii who lived in Southern
> >Germany the were not literate, and Ariovistus' people
> >had no interest in them other than kicking them
> >out.
>
> Genetically, Celts didn't have dissapeared: Germans
> have Celtic lineage too. But *linguistically*, there's
> nothing.

The Celtic or Para-Celtic Helvetii who lived in Southern Germany then were not literate, and Ariovistus' people had no interest in them other than kicking them out.


> The "Elbgermanen" didn't encounter Celtic-speaking
> populations when they moved in the Alps region; they
> encountered popular Latin-speaking ones (traces
> are toponyms of the "Wallis, Vaals, Walser, Bloch-"
> and hydronyms of the "Walchen-" kind, because
> of "walhisk" term for the "Welsh" = Romance
> population), Slavs, Avars and some Alanic elements.

No, Ariovistus had taken care of that.


> >> You see? Regensburg! Erfurt!
> >
> >Erh, and?
>
> If you can't get the relevance of Regensburg, Erfurt
> (and various other German centers Wexler doesn't
> mention in that paragraph)...

Of course
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regensburg
is relevant. It goes back all the way to Celtic and Roman times.

> >but the letter makes clear that Jews in Saloniki
> >were also familiar with Slavic - presumably a dialect
> >of (Judeo-?)South Slavic.22'
>
> Oh, I see: it must have been some Bulgarian Slavic
> (or ... OCS!).
>
> >Which means he might have spoken a German dialect.
>
> From... Germany (incl. Austria, Bohemia, Switzerland).

From wherever German was spoken.


> > > >In addition to uncovering the location of the earliest Jewish
> > > >settlements, there also remains the problem of ascertaining
> > > >whether these early settlements continued to exist up until
> > > >the arrival of the Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews.

> >> By Ashkenazic Jews he means German Jews (Jews immigrating
> >> from Germany), while, in this context, keeping mum on the
> >> numerous East-European Jews, the genuine Ashkenazim of Khazar
> >> extraction.
> >
> >No, those are his 'earliest Jewish settlements' which he assumes
> >were Judeo-Slavic speaking.

> Again, you miss details: by Ashkenazim he understands
> *German* Jews (as do most scholars). This is one
> statement. Whereas those 1-2 examples cited in that
> fragment refer to *OTHER* Jews, or scattered
> communities (and if the sources refer to Thesaloniki,
> then that Slavic language is above all Bulgarian
> Slavic and not that in Poland).

Yes, he assumes they were Slavic-speaking, based on that letter.


> >> And the topic is - whenever talking of the Yiddish
> >> language - how *this* group managed to switch from
> >> Old Turkish to Yiddish German, and where this happened,
> >> in which period of time.
> >
> >Oh, so that's what you think happened.
>
> I have no conception of my own: I only look at
> that what's "sold" in the market. Those theories
> that have substance get a chance to be "bought".
> As simple as that. Demonstrate the alternative
> theory, and I'll listen, and perhaps I'll
> enthusiastically accept it.

That theory seems to be disproved
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars#Theory_of_Khazar_ancestry_of_Ashkenazi_Jews
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews#Genetic_origins

> >> Of course he couldn't: at that time it was impossible
> >> for Yiddish to have been "born".
> >
> >I disagree.
>
> I know. Your theory goes (translated in other terms):
> Yiddish is a direct continuation of the Germanic idioms
> spoken by Elbgermanen [which no one denies],

No, by Bastarnae, who were not Elbe Germani (but made up the upper layer of them)

> and only
> very slightly influenced by 1,400 years of transformations
> that gradually occurred in the "Reich" [which every-
> body will deny].

No to 'very slightly'. Greatly.

> (To you, the considerable migrations
> from Germany to East-Europe in the 13th-17th centuries,
> which are attested by whole lotta texts, mean nothing.

Nonsense, as I have stated several times.

> Up to now, the result of those migrations, about 12 to
> 14 million German ethnics "repatriated" from East-Europe
> plus USSR to Germany, and were accepted as full citizens
> according to a post-war West-German law. And all this
> has no significance to you; i.e. about 8-9 centuries
> of German history in East-Europe. NB: according to that
> law, the Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazim Jews also have
> been entitled to this repatriation, and thus automatically
> becoming EU-citizens.)
>
> >Proto-Ober/Mitteldeutsch developed into MHG.
>
> In Germany.

In my proposal, in Middle and southern Germant and in the Radhanite trade network connected with it

> >Like the world north of the Weisswurstäquator to you.
>
> I lived for a while in the vicinity of the Limburgesch
> dialect. Brauchste auch 'ne Zeichnung? I've had to do
> with lots of "Nordlichter" day after day for decades;
> I had even colleagues immigrated from your country.

How come you stayed ignorant that Danish hv- has been pronounced v- for the last 400 years then?


> >Yes, that is the standard theory.
>
> Of course you agree with that, since you yourself
> stated "Bastarnae" (Elbgermanen) migrated to the
> South-West.

I never claimed the Bastarnae were Elbe Germani. See above.


> >No, if a scenario is possible, it is a possible solution.
> >And the scenario which best explains the facts is the
> >winner.
>
> Okay, then go ahead, carry on. I'm eager to see how
> you demonstrate "a dozen" Bastarnae survivors in
> Poland managed to Germanize hundredthousands of
> Ashkenazic Jews, without the contribution of
> zillion of "Bastarnae" from Alsacia to Lake
> Balaton, and without the contribution of German-
> speaking Jews living in the "Reich".

I have no idea what you are talking about. See above for my proposed scenario.


> >Why don't you come out and say it, instead of
> >hiding behind the scientists of your imagination?

You left out half of my sentence, which changes the sense of it. Don't do that. Here is the whole context:

> > > >The thought hasn't occurred to them to connect that
> > > >dialect to Bastarnae.
>
> > >It can't occur to them, since they are scientists, i.e.
> > >they deal with the stuff in a no-nonsense, scientific,
> > >rigurous way, they can't afford to mix up epochs and
> > >events, much the less ignore linguistic evidence.

> >You mean like in short sentences without digressions? And if
> >you want to accuse me of mixing up epochs and events (like
> >you did between the 1st cent BCE and the 1st cent CE) or
> >ignoring linguistic evidence, why don't you come out and
> >say it, instead of hiding behind the scientists of your
> >imagination?

>
> What imagination?

Your imagination.


> I've even cited the names of some authors.

You have conveniently forgotten all about you original sentence and now make up a new interpretation for your last answer to keep your nonsense flowing.


> Besides, it was me the first one who
> quoted Wexler, last year or almost 2 years ago.
> OTOH, I'm not the one who presents any new
> theory (or new original research). It's you who
> does that. Hence, it's logical that I'm ... "hiding". :)

Utter gibberish. Look back in your postings next time you answer.


> >>>Yes, that is the standard theory.
> >>
> >>How the heck can it be standard theory (you repeat it
> >>for the n-th time), when you state above it's "science
> >>of your imagination"? Merkst Du was?
> >
> >Why are you ascribing statements to me that you
> >made up yourself?
>
> In a normal conversation you can't say *in the
> same context at the same time* that what the
> other guy asserts is "science of his/her imagination"
> and the same assertions are "yes, standard theory".

Those scientists who they deal with the stuff in a no-nonsense, scientific, rigurous way are scientists of your imagination. The actual authors of the books you quote are people like you and me, and they arrive at their results in the same way.

>
> Either "imagination", i.e. invented, or reality,
> but no "both-and" hybrid. (Is it difficult?)

No, you imagined those people to be something other than what they are.

> >I think they (and Oberdeutsch) were the same.
>
> But show me the direct link in an absence of
> the vast contribution by Germany's Oberdeutsch
> talkers and writers.

I don't understand that sentence.

> >But it arrived there with Ariovistus from the Przeworsk
> >culture in Silesia, and I think we have good reason to
> >believe the upper layer language of that was
> >Bastarnian.
>
> "The language" arrived when the bulk, the masses,
> of the so-called "Elbgermanen" started to colonize
> Germany and gradually assimilated the rest of the
> Latin-speaking population (and some Slavs and Avars
> in Austria and Bohemia). After Romans had been gone
> back to Italy a long time before, and only pockets
> of latina-vulgata-speakers of the lowest classes
> remained here and there, retreated in some areas.

Yes, that is the standard proposal.

> BTW, I again stress that it doesn't matter to me (in
> this discussion) whether the "upper crust" of the
> "Elbgermanen" were Bastarnae "Herzog" clans
> (Geschlechter) or not.

And it doesn't matter to me whether it matters to you.

> What matters only is the
> assertion a rest of Bastarnae (left back in Poland,
> in a Slavic environment), beyond the Elbe, were
> able to teach Eastern Jews the Yiddish "Loschen"
> without the help of the Oberdeutsch-"mainland".

See above for my scenario.

> Whenever I insist on getting details on how on
> earth could that be possible, your reply is either
> "Ariovist moved to Rottweil or Freiburg" or
> "Greek&Arabic&Slavic-mumbling pedlars paid visits
> along the autobahn now and then.

Your lack of background knowledge can hardly be my problem.

> >You didn't answer the question:
> >In what German dialect does 'Geschlecht' mean
> >"Adelsgeschlecht"?
>
> In common standard German, understood as such by
> any illiterate German from Schleswig to Northern
> Italy, and from Alsacia to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan,
> as well as in the autonomous Jewish republic near
> China (capital: Birobidjan; where the local radio reads
> the newscast bulletin in standard Yiddish). OTOH,
> I can't tell you exactly whether there are dialects
> that don't use this word (or whether there were such
> 200-500-700 years ago), since I don't speak all
> dialects, and I don't have thorough knowledge of
> MHG & AHG dialects).
>
> But don't think that Geschlecht is not generally
> used and understood as "clan", "lineage" in every-
> day's simple German. If that's your idea, then
> you are wrong.
>
> Have a look here: http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/abfrage/
>
> Insert Geschlecht (without any inerpunction):
>
> Wort: Geschlecht
> Anzahl: 1181
> Häufigkeitsklasse: 12 (d.h. der ist ca. 2^12 mal häufiger als das
> gesuchte Wort)
> Sachgebiet: Sprachwissenschaft
> Mathematik
> Medizin
> Nachname
> Anthropologie
> Motive
> Verwandtschaft
> kollektiv
> Morphologie: ge|schlecht
> Grammatikangaben: Wortart: Eigenname
> Wortart: Substantiv
> Geschlecht: sächlich
> Flexion: das Geschlecht, des Geschlecht[e]s, dem Geschlecht,
> das Geschlecht
> die Geschlechter, der Geschlechter, den Geschlechtern, die
> Geschlechter
>
> Relationen zu anderen Wörtern:
>
> ====>* Synonyme: Familie, Geblüt, Generation, Glied, Haus, Penis,
> Stamm
> ====>* vergleiche: Familie, Gattung, Geblüt, Generation, Genus,
> Haus, Herkunft, Sex, Sexus, Sippe, Stamm, Ursprung<=======
> ====>* ist Synonym von: Abstammung, Familie, Familienband, Haus,
> Sippe, Sippschaft, Stamm, Verwandtschaft <===========
> ====>* wird referenziert von: Dynastie, Familie, Gattung, Geblüt,
> Genus<=====
>
> Links zu anderen Wörtern:
>
> * Grundform: Geschlecht
> * -lich-Form von: geschlechtlich
> * Teilwort von: das starke Geschlecht, je nach Geschlecht, das
> schwache Geschlecht, das schöne Geschlecht, das zarte Geschlecht
> * Form(en): Geschlecht, Geschlechts, Geschlechter,
> Geschlechtern, Geschlechtes, Geschlechte
>
> Dornseiff-Bedeutungsgruppen:
>
> * 2.12 Mensch: Bevölkerung, Einwohnerschaft, Generation,
> Geschlecht, Gesellschaft, Jahrgang, Leute, Menschheit, Publikum,
> Volk
> * 4.47 Klasse: Abart, Abteilung, Art, Bereich, Departement,
> Dialekt, Fach, Familie, Gattung, Genus, Geschlecht, Gruppe,
> Kategorie, Klasse, Linie, Rasse, Reihe, Rubrik, Schlag
> * 15.4 Familie, Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen: Angehörige,
> Dynastie, Familie, Geschlecht, Sippe, Sippschaft, Verwandte,
> Verwandtschaft
>
> (.....)
>
> Signifikante Kookkurrenzen für Geschlecht:
> Alter (1652), Rasse (1156), Herkunft (737), Behinderung (620),
> das (583), ethnischer (533), Religion (526), Weltanschauung (511),
> weibliche (467), sexueller (394), Kindes (331), weiblichen (300),
> Identität (295), oder (285), , (254), Orientierung (246), Frauen
> (237), Diskriminierung (224), männliche (224), unabhängig (214),
> ethnische (200), Benachteiligung (184), bestimmen (171), schwache
> (158), und (157), Ethnie (156), Männer (155), starke (146), wegen
> (140), Rolle (132), Hautfarbe (131), Diskriminierungen (129),
> Benachteiligungen (128), sexuelle (128), anderen (126), andere
> (119), Merkmale (118), männlichen (114), Babys (114), Zivilrecht
> (112), welches (110), benachteiligt (85), Leiche (73), Flachköpfe
> (72), vom (72), Einkommen (70), Kriterien (69), Vorerkrankungen
> (68), Weibchen (65), EU-Vorgaben (62), Nationalität (61),
> Zugehörigkeit (60), Antidiskriminierungsgesetz (58), auch (57),
> erstgeborene (56), verbietet (56), ihres (55), Weibchen-Mangel (54),
> verbieten (54), Zielgruppen (54), Kiko (53), Gewicht (52), Geburt
> (52), Mädchen (51), Privatrecht (51), Chrysanthemen-Thron (51),
> Arbeits- (51), Munday (49), Bürgerblatt (49), Akishino (48),
> skelettiert (48), festzustellen (48), Bruttemperatur (47), Blaukopf > -Junker (47), Alt-Internationalen (47), bestimmt (47), Fötus (46),
> EU-Richtlinie (46), dritten (45), abhängt (44)
>
> (..............)
>

Thank you. From the Bedeutungsgruppen I see that Geschlecht nowhere has the meaning Adelssgeschlecht / (class of all) nobility, which is the meaning of Szlachta, which agrees with my claim that the technical terms of the Szlacta seemingly borrowed from German have a semantics not found in German.


> >The Polish Szlachta had nothing to do with city culture.
>
> Coz the Polish knights and peers lived in huts and
> yurts! :)

The Polish Szlachta was ideologically and politically opposed to ther German city culture, which furthermore wasn't involved in a significant way in those areas which the Szlachta were involved in.


> >Obviously you don't know what your talking about.
> >The Bastarnae was a military threat to South East
> >Europe through all their existence. They were part
> >Sarmatian, according to Tacitus.
>
> Maybe. But AFAIK, or if I no nothing, and take lexika,
> wikipedia, history manuals etc., no one tells me that
> Bastarnae existed as such after the 3rd c. CE)

The part of my scenario which involves Bastarnae takes place in the last two centuries BCE.

...


Torsten