From: Torsten
Message: 66620
Date: 2010-09-19
--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Torsten" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:
> > > > > > I think E-M are on the right track with root-extensions.
> > > > >
> > > > > I think they're not. Semantics-less 'extensions' should not
> > > > > be used in the description of a language. I think it's *-eÅ
> > > > > (and a Rozwadowski's change variant *daÅ- in Germanic *dag-
> > > > > etc ?), which showns it's non-IE.
> > > >
> > > > The extensions have semantics, but they are difficult to
> > > > determine at this time-depth.
> > >
> > > The two presumptive extensions both change a root meaning
> > > "light, day; god" into stems meaning "light, day; god". They are
> > > semantics-less and there is no amount of deferring the question
> > > which will turn them into anything else.
> >
> > No, I believe *dei-w- and *dei-n- were originally distinguished in
> > meaning. I suspect the Jovian reformation commandeered *deiw-
> > 'bright' (applied as an epithet to the moon, etc.) and replaced
> > the old name of the daytime sky-god, *dein-, while elevating him
> > to the position of supreme deity. I regard Etruscan as providing
> > a clouded window into the pre-Jovian state of affairs; while it is
> > not an IE language, it contains loanwords from one or more
> > pre-Italic IE languages, and some of its divine names can be
> > explained this way. Etr. Tin was identified with Zeus, and Tiu or
> > Tiv was the Moon (also an appellative 'month'). I consider these
> > to have been borrowed from *dein- and *deiw-. Also Etr. Usil 'the
> > Sun' corresponds to Sabine <ausel> and presumably reflects
> > pre-Jovian *h2ews-el-. My view is that the first IE-speakers to
> > reach this area had not been influenced by the Jovian reformation,
> > and they converted the Etruscans to this older form of IE
> > religion. Centuries later, this religion was Hellenized, and that
> > is what we find on mirror-scenes and the like, but some pre-Jovian
> > relics are still identifiable.
>
> Now that would be an argument against a proposal that *-eÅ in Italic
> split into *en- and *ew- after loaning to Etruscan, not to a
> proposal that the split happened before that, in Italic or before.
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Dimiter Detschew:
'
Dα~οι, Dάοι; sing., Dα~οÏ, DάοÏ, DÎ±Ï ~οÏ, DÄvos, Davus, Daus (auch als PN verwendet), ältere Bezeichnung der Daker. -
[(also used as a personal name), older designation of the Dacians]
1.
Strab. 7, 3, 12: γÎγονε δ`ε κα`ι `Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ïη~Ï ÏÏÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏιÏμ`Î¿Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î¼ÎνÏν `εκ ÏαÂÎ»Î±Î¹Î¿Ï ~⢠Ïο`Ï Ï Î¼`εν Dακο`Ï Ï ÏÏοÏαγοÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ïι Ïο`Ï Ï Î´`ε GÎÏαÏ, GÎÏÎ±Ï Î¼`εν Ïο`Ï Ï ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ï`ον Î ÏνÏον κεκλιμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±`ι ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ï`ην ´ÎÏ, Dακο`Ï Ï Î´`ε Ïο`Ï Ï Îµ`Î¹Ï Ï`ανανÏία ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ïήν GεÏμανίαν κα`ι Ï`Î±Ï Ïον `ÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏηγάÏ, ο´`Ï Ï Î¿`ι~μαι DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÎµÎ¹~Ïθαι Ï`ο Ïαλαίον, `αÏ' Î¿Â´Ï ~ κα`ι ÏαÏ`α Ïοι~Ï `AÏÏιÏοι~Ï `ÏεÏÏλαÏε Ï`α ÏÏ~ν ο`ικεÏÏ~ν `ονÏμαÏα GÎÏαι κα`ι Dα~οι.
[But there is also another division of the country which has endured from early times, for some of the people are called Daci, whereas others are called Getae - Getae, those who incline towards the Pontus and the east, and Daci, those who incline in the opposite direction towards Germany and the sources of the Ister. The Daci, I think, were called Daï in early times; whence the slave names "Geta" and "Daüs"]
Steph. Byz. 216, 22; o´ι Dα~κοι, ο´` Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¿Ï ~μεν DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï.
Luc. salt. 29: DάÏν κα`ι ΤιβίÏν κα`ι μαγείÏÏν ÏÏÏÏÏÏα.
Eust. comm. ad Dion. Per. 305: ´ÏÏι Ïο`Ï Ï DÎ¬ÎºÎ±Ï DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï `εκÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î½ ÏινÎÏ⢠ÏηÏ`ιν o`Ï ~v κα`ι ´o GεÏγÏάÏοÏ, ´ÏÏι ο´ι Dάκαι Dάοι ÏοÏε `ÏνομάζονÏο. -
2.
DÎ±Ï ~οÏ, DÄvos als Sklavenname in der neueÂren Komödie (vgl. K. Gatzert, De nova com., Dissert. GieÃen 1913, 71).
Herond. 5, 68: ´η DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ïιμή.
Anthol. Palat. 14, 123, 10: DÎ¬Î¿Ï Î´' ε`ίÏοÏι μνα~Ï `εÏÎÏÏ.
IG 22, 8614: DÎ±Î¿Ï Â´ÎÏακλεÏÏηÏ,
8615: DÎ±Î¿Ï DÎ±Î¿Ï Â´ÎÏακλεÏÏηÏ;
42, 650 aus Epidauros: βÏμ`ον ΠανθείÏ, ´ιεÏε`Ï Ï Â´Î¹Î´ÏÏÏαÏο DαοÏ;
11, 2, 111 aus Delos, 23; `εγ μεÏοίκÏν DÎ±Î¿Ï Bαλά(κÏÎ¿Ï );
12, 8, 177 aus Samothrace, 5: DÎ±Î¿Ï (unter μÏÏÏαι);
12, 8, 592 aus Thasos: DÎ±Î¿Ï `AÏολλο ---.
JHS 24, 1904, 33 Nr. 49 aus Kyzikos:
a) DιÏδ[Ï]Ïε DÎ±Î¿Ï Ï[α]ι~Ïε,
b) Îμβιλε DÎ±Î¿Ï Ïαι~Ï[ε.
ÎΡΠ4, 31 aus Olbia: AÎ´Î±Î¹Î¿Ï DÎ±Î¿Ï Â´Î¹ÏÏεÏÏ.
CIL
6, 5866: C. Iulius Davos faber;
6, 14993: Ti. Claudio Dao;
6, 19221: Davos;
6, 25170 a: P. Publio Dao;
6, 25650: Dav[os];
6, 27489: Q. Titi Q. 1 Davi;
6, 33555: Daus Caesaris (servus);
6, 35612: C. Aufidio C. 1. Davo coniugi;
10, 4016 aus Capua: M. Antonio Davi;
11, 3885 aus Capena: d. m. Ti. Claudi Aug. l. Dai;
14, 2877 aus Praeneste: Davos Calidus.
Not. Scav. 1904, 438 aus Rom: T. Precilius T. O. l. Davos.
Cod. Iust. 9, 35, 2 (anno 230): Imp. Alex. A. Davo.
Nach Hdt. 1, 125 nennt sich Dάοι auch ein Nomadenvolk im mittleren Iran.
DάοÏ, Dα~Î¿Ï als PN begegnet häufig in den nicht zu Bithynien gehörigen Teilen Kleinasiens, besonders in Phrygien, wo derselbe auch als GN auftritt (vgl. Kretschmer Einl. 202; Ramsay JHS 38, 1918, 168; Sundwall LN 65). Es kommt noch das phryg. Appellativum δάοÏâ¢ Â´Ï Ï`ο ΦÏÏ Î³Ï~ν λÏÎºÎ¿Ï Hesych. vor, das von Kretschmer Einl. 211 zu abg. daviti âwürgen" von der Wz. dhaw- gestellt wird. Davus kommt als PN auch im kelt. Sprachgebiet (vgl. Holder AC 1, 1245) vor.
Erwägenswert ist der Versuch WT. Thr. II 2, 29, DÄvos von der Wz. dhe:- âcolloÂcare, ponere" abzuleiten und demnach als âSiedler, Sasse, Bauer" zu deuten.
Dακοί, Dα~κοι, Dάκαι, Dα~και, DάκεÏ, Daci, Dacisci, Dagae, Daces
(sing. Dα~κοÏ, Dάξ, Dacus, Daqus, Daciscus, Daeisqus)
Stamm, vom 2. Jahrh. vor Chr. bekannt (von den Griechen oft mit dem der GÎÏαι verwechselt);
Dακία, Dacia dessen Land (zwischen dem Dnjester, den Karpaten und der Donau). -
1.
Strab.
7, 3, 12:
γÎγονε δε κα`ι `Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ïη~Ï ÏÏÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏιÏμÏÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î¼ÎνÏν `εκ ÏÎ±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Ï ~⢠Ïο`Ï Ï Î¼`εν γ`Î±Ï Dακο`Ï Ï ÏÏοÏαγοÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ïι ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´`ε GÎÏαÏ, GÎÏÎ±Ï Î¼`εν Ïο`Ï Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï`ον Î ÏνÏον κεκιμÎÂÎ½Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±`ι ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ï`ην ´ÎÏ, DαÏοÏÏ Î´`ε Ïο`Ï Ï Îµ`Î¹Ï Ï`ανανÏία ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ï`ην GεÏμανίαν κα`ι Ï`Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ~ `ÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏηγάÏ, ο´`Ï Ï Î¿`ι~μαι DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÎµÎ¹~Ïθαι Ï`ο ÏαλαιÏν (demnach sind die Daker Nachkommen der Daoi):
[But there is also another division of the country which has endured from early times, for some of the people are called Daci, whereas others are called Getae - Getae, those who incline towards the Pontus and the east, and Daci, those who incline in the opposite direction towards Germany and the sources of the Ister.]
7, 3, 13: ´ομÏÂγλÏÏÏοι δ' ε`ιÏ`ιν ο´ι Dακο`ι Ïοι~Ï GÎÏαιÏ.
[The language of the Daci is the same as that of the Getae]
Dio
51, 22:
ÏÎ±Ï ~Ïά Ïε ο`Ï ~ν εÏήÏθη, κα`ι `αθÏÏοι ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Î±Î»Î»Î®Î»Î¿Ï Ï Dακοι Ïε κα`ι Î£Î¿Ï Î·~βοι `εμαÏÎÏανÏο. ε`ιÏ`ι δε Î¿Â´Ï ~Ïοι μ`εν ÎελÏοί, `εκει~νοι δε δ`η ΣκÏθαι ÏÏÏÏον Ïινά. κα`ι ´οι μεν ÏÎÏαν ÏÎ¿Ï ~ Â´Î¡Î®Î½Î¿Ï Â´ÏÏ Î³Îµ Ï`ακÏιβ`ÎµÏ Îµ`ιÏει~ν, --- ο´ι δ`ε `εÏ' `αμÏÏÏεÏα Ïον ÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ÎμονÏαι, `αλλ' ο´ι μ`εν `εÏ`ι Ïάδε α`Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ~ κα`ι ÏÏ`Î¿Ï Ïη,~ ΤÏιβαλλικη,~ ο`Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ~νÏÎµÏ `ÎÏ Ïε Ï`ον Ïη~Ï ÎÏ ÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î½Î¿Î¼`ον ÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ~Ïι κα`ι ÎÏ Ïοί, Ïλ`ην ÏαÏ`α ÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ~` εÏιÏÏÏίοιÏ, `ονομάζονÏαι, ο´ι δε `εÏÎκεινα Dακο`ι κÎκληνÏαι, ε`ίÏε δ`η GÎÏαι ÏινÎÏ Îµ`ίÏε κα`ι ÎÏα,~ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ~ DÎ±ÎºÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ~ γÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ~ Ï`ην ´ΡοδÏÏην ÏοÏ`ε `ενοικήÏανÏÎ¿Ï `ÏνÏεÏ
[These beasts, accordingly, were brought in, and moreover Dacians and Suebi fought in crowds with one another. The latter are Germans, the former Scythians of a sort. The Suebi, to be exact, dwell beyond the Rhine (though many people elsewhere claim their name), and the Dacians on both sides of the Ister; those of the latter, however, who live on this side of the river near the country of the Triballi are reckoned in with the district of Moesia and are called Moesians, except by those living in the immediate neighbourhood, while those on the other side are called Dacians and are either a branch of the Getae are Thracians belonging to the Dacian race that once inhabited Rhodope. ]
(Dio hat hier, wie WT. Thr. I 71 und 101 beÂmerkt, an die Dι~οι und das DιακÏν γÎÎ½Î¿Ï bei Thuc. 7, 27, 1 gedacht, indem er das letztere ohne weiteres in DακικÏν γÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ã¤nderte, obÂwohl er die Dι~οι zu Vorvätern der Daker machen wollte);
67, 6:
Dακο`Ï Ï Î´`ε α`Ï Ïο`Ï Ï ÏÏοÏαγοÏεÏÏ, ´ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±`ι α`Ï Ïο`ι Â´ÎµÎ±Ï Ïο`Ï Ï ÎºÎ±`ι ´ΡÏμαι~οί ÏÏÎ±Ï `Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Ïιν, ο`Ï Îº `αγνοÏ~ν ´ÏÏι ´ÎλλήνÏν Ïιν`ÎµÏ GÎÏÎ±Ï Î±`Ï Ïο`Ï Ï Î»ÎÎ³Î¿Ï Ïιν, ε`ιÏ' οÏθÏ~Ï Îµ`ίÏε κα`ι μ`η λÎγονÏεÏ⢠`εγ`Ï Î³`Î±Ï Î¿`ι~δα GÎÏÎ±Ï Ïο`Ï Ï Â´Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ~ AÂ´Î¯Î¼Î¿Ï ÏαÏ`α Ï`ον `ÎÏÏÏον ο`Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ~νÏαÏ.
[I call the people Dacians, the names used by the natives themselves as well as by the Romans, though I am not ignorant that some Greek writers refer to them as Getae, whether that is the right form or not; for the Getae of whom I myself know are those that live beyond the Haemus range, along the Ister.]
Monum. Ancyr. 5, 48 - 49:
μεÏαÏθ`εν Ï`ο `εμ`ον ÏÏÏάÏÎµÏ Î¼Î± ÏÎÏαν `ÎÏÏÏον Ï`α DάκÏν `Îθνη ÏÏοÏÏάγμαÏα Î´Î®Î¼Î¿Ï Â´Î¡ÏμαίÏν Â´Ï ÏομÎνειν `ηνάγÏαÏεν.
[my own army was led across the Danube and compelled the tribes of the Dacians to submit to the orders of the Roman people.]
Diοn. Per. 305: DακÏ~ν `άÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î±`ι~α.
Stud. 20 Nr. 139 (531 nach Chr.), 2: ΦλαÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Îηνα~Ï Â´Î¿ κα`ι Gε[ÏÏγ]Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÏÏα[ÏιÏ]ÏÎ·Ï Î¬Ï[ιθμ]Î¿Ï ~ ÏÏ~ν γενναιοÂÏάÏÏν DακÏ~ν.
Steph. Byz. 216, 22: ο´ι Dα~κοι, ο´` Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¿Ï ~μεν DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï.
Appian. Illyr. 23: Â´Ï Î´`ε (= ´ο Îαι~ÏαÏ), ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï`αν `εÏαγαγει~ν `ÎÏη κα`ι ´ομήÏÎ¿Ï Ï Â´ÎµÎºÎ±Ï`ον λαβει~ν, ´ίν' `αÏÏαλÏ~Ï ÏαμιείÏ, Ïη,~ ÏÏλει (= ΣεγÎÏÏη,) ÏÏÏ,~Ïο `εÏ`ι Dα~καÏ.
Proc. bell. 5, 15, 27: ÏοÏÏÏν (== ÎοÏικÏ~ν) δ`ε Dα~καί Ïε κα`ι ΠαννÏÎ½ÎµÏ `εν δεξια,~ ο`Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ~Ïιν.
Eust. comm. ad Dion. Per. 305 ´ÏÏι Ïο`Ï Ï DάÏÎ±Ï DÎ¬Î¿Ï Ï `ÎµÎºÎ¬Î»Î¿Ï Î½ ÏινÎÏ. ÏηÏ`ιν ο`Ï ~ν κα`ι ´ο GεÏγÏάÏοÏ, ÏÏι ο´ι Dάκαι Dάοι ÏοÏ`ε `ÏνομάζονÏο.
Cecaum. Strat. 74 (ed. WassiÂlewsky und Jernstedt, Petrop. 1896): ο´ι λεγÏμενοι Dα~και κα`ι BÎÏοι (als Vorfahren der Vlachen).
Suid.: DάκεÏ⢠´οι Î½Ï ~ν ΠαÏζινακίÏαι λεγÏμενοι⢠´η ε`Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¹~α DάκοÏ.
Caes. bell. Gall 6, 25, 2: ... Hercynia silva .. . perÂtinet ad fines Dacorum et Anartium.
Plin. NH4, 80: alias Getae, Daci Romanis dicti, --- montes vero et saltus (inter Danuvium atque Hercynium saltum) pulsi ab iis (= Iazygibus) Daci ad Pathissum amnem;
7, 50: quarto partu Dacorum originis nota in bracchia reddita:
22, 2: maresque etiam apud Dacos et Sarmatas corpora sua inscribunt.
Pomp. Trog. hist. 32, 3, 16: Daci quoque suboles Getarum sunt.
Monum. Ancyr. 5, 48 - 49: trans Danuvium ex[erÂcitus me]us ductus Da[cor]um im[perio populi Romani perferre coegit].
[my own army was led across the Danube and compelled the tribes of the Dacians to submit to the orders of the Roman people]
Hor. carm. 3, 8, 18: DÄci Cotisonis agmen;
serm. 2, 6, 53: numquid de DÄcis audisti?
TP 8, 4: Dagae (d. h. Dacae, wie Sagae TP 12, 1/2 statt Sacae).
Iord. Rom. 217: Daces. -
2.
Herodian. 1, 147, 27 (Lentz): Dα~ÎºÎ¿Ï `ÎθνοÏ, ´`ο κα`ι Dα~Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÎµÎ¹~Ïαι.
Lascar. Gramm. bei Lobeck. Par. 96: Dάξ.
Hor. carm. 1, 35, 9: DÄcus asper.
CIL
3, 1435515 aus Ãdenburg: Sassa coniun[x] et conliberta nat(ione) Daca:
6, 1801: d. m. Ziai Tiati fil. Dacae uxori Piepori regis Coisstobocensis;
6, 2495: Iul(ius) Secundinus e. v. k. coh. III pr. Salarior. XXVII --- nat. Dacus;
6,3227: Aurel(io) Primo liberto nat(ione) Dacus;
6, 7407: Dacus insularius;
16903: dis manibus Diuppaneus qui Euprepes Sterissae f. Dacus;
8, 8562 aus Mauretanien: FortuÂnatus qui et Dacus;
10, 4030 aus Capua: C. Auli, C. C. l., Daci o. h. s. s.;
11, 28 aus Ravenna: Q. Decimus Dacus;
11, 6695105 aus Regium: Cl(audius) Dac(us);
3, 14644 aus Dalmatien: Amabilis secutor nat(ione) Dacus pug(narum);
14, 3564 aus Tibur: P. Aquillius, P. l., Dacus;
16, Dipl. 13 (anno 71) aus DÄlgodÄlci, Bez. Lomiu 17: Tutio Buti f., Dacus.
RLO 16, 1926, 44 aus Carnuntum: PereÂgrinus Q. Asini ser. sutor caligarius natione Dacus.
CIL 6, 3236: d. m. Aurelius Victorinus eques sing. d. n. --- natione Daqus domum coloni (sic) Zermiegete (sic).
Vgl. auÃerdem
CIL
6, 2605: Aur. Victo[r]ino mil. coh. VI pr. natione Dacisca, regione SerÂdic(e)n(se);
Script. hist. Aug. 26, 38, 4: septem milibus Daciscorum interremptis;
N. D. or. 40, 21: milites Dacisci.
CIL
3, 7573 aus vallum Traiani in Dobrudža: Pia et Daciscus fratres;
5, 1047 aus Aquileia: d. m. M. Secundi Genialis domo Cl. Agrip. negotiat. Dacisco patr. optimo;
5, 6244 aus Mediolanum: Dacisqus Iustus;
6, 3320: [natione D]aciscu[s].
Dacia 7 - 8, 1937 - 1940, 353 aus Drobeta: Iul(ius) Daciscus. -
3.
Dio 68, 14: κα`ι ο´ÏÏÏÏ Â´Î® Dακία ´ΡÏμαίÏν Â´Ï ÏÎ®ÎºÎ¿Î¿Ï `εγÎνεÏο.
Ptol. 3, 5, 6: ´ο μ`εν ΤÏÏÎ±Ï ÏοÏαμÏÏ Î±`Ï Ï`Î¿Ï Â´Î¿Ïίζει Ï`α μÎÏη Ïη~Ï DÎ±ÎºÎ¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ±`ι Ïη~Ï Î£Î±ÏμαÏίαÏ.
Steph. Byz. 216, 22: Dακία, ÏÏÏα ÏληÏίον BοÏÏ ÏθÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï.
IGRP 4, 47 aus Lesbos: Î . `AÎ¯Î»Î¹Î¿Ï `AÏÏιαν`Î¿Ï `AλÎξανδÏοÏ, Î²Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏ [Ï`ηÏ] DÎ±ÎºÎ¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ¿Î»ÏÎ½ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï ÎεÏμιζεγ[ε]Î¸Î¿Ï ÂÏηÏ.
Hierocl. 654, 2: εÏαÏÏία DÎ±ÎºÎ¯Î±Ï Î¼ÎµÏÎ¿Î³ÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï .
Constant. Porphyrog. de them. (Bonn.) 56, 5: εÏαÏÏία DÎ±ÎºÎ¯Î±Ï Î¼ÎµÏÎ¿Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï .
Amm. Marc. 22, Î, 3: inter terminos Daciae.
CIL
16, Dipl. 68 (anno 120) aus Porolissum: [in Da]cia supe[riore];
16, Dipl. 75 (anno 129) aus der Kleinen Walachei, 7: in Dacia i<n>feriore.
CIL
3, 980 aus KarlsÂburg·: tabularius provinc(iae) [Da]ciae Apulensis;
3, 1153 aus Apulum: L. Aemil. Car[u]s leg. Au[g]. pr. pr. III Daciarum;
3, 6054 aus Ancyra: proc(uratori) Daciae Porolisensis;
3, 13704 aus Saloniki: pra[e]sidem prov. Daci[ae] Malvensis.
Script. hist. Aug. 26, 3, 1: Aurelianus ortus, ut plures loquuntur Sirmii, ut nonnulli Dacia ripensi.
N. D. or.
1, 55: Dacia ripensis;
1, 77: Dacia mediterranea.
Vgl. Dacia als PN in CIL
3, 2967b aus Dalmatien: Fermus tribunus et --- Dacia coniuge eius;
5, 3647 aus Verona: (dat.) Iuliae Daciae;
6, 28848a: Vibia Dacia mater;
10, 1316 aus Nola: (dat.) Noniae Dac(iae).
Kretschmer Einl. 214 ist der Ansicht, daà DÄci sich zu Dα~οι verhält wie Graeci zu GÏαι~οι,. Er schlieÃt daraus, daà der Wechsel des Namens vielleicht mit der nationalen Erhebung des Volkes zusammenhängt, bei welcher noch andere Stämme als die Daer in der Nation aufgegangen sein mögen, die nun mit diesen zusammen als die Daischen bezeichnet wurden.
[Kretschmer Einl. 214 is of the opinion, that DÄci is related to Dα~οι as Graeci to GÏαι~οι,. From that he concludes, that the change of name perhaps has to do with the national uprising of the people, in which further tribes were made part of the nation, which now together with these were designated as the Daic.
]
DÎ¿ÎºÎ¯Î´Î±Ï Î± Stadt im nordwestl. Teile von Dakien, Ptol. 3, 8, 4.
In Dοκι- steckt der PN *DοκιÏ. Vgl.
die kelt. PN Doci-rex, Docius, Holder AC 1, 1298-1299, und
Dοκι auf einer edonisch-bisalt. Münze, Head HN 200
-δοκοÏ, -docus, -δοκαÏ, -doce, -δοκηÏ, Dοκι-, -δοÏοÏ, -dochus, -δακοÏ, -θακοÏ, -ÏοκοÏ, -ÏοκηÏ, -ÏÏ ÏοÏ, -ÏαγοÏ, -ÏακοÏ, -tacus, -ticus
in
Aμα-δοκοÏ, Ama-docus, Ama-dochus, Aμα-ÏοκοÏ, Aμη-δοκοÏ, AμμαÂδοκοÏ, Aμμο-δοÏοÏ, Dοκί-δανα, Îαβα-δοκοÏ, Îαβα-ÏοκοÏ, Îα-δαÏοÏ, Ma~doce, Îα-δοÏοÏ, Ma-docus, Îε-θαÏοÏ, Îε-ÏαÏοÏ, Îε-ÏοÏοÏ, Îη-δοκηÏ, Îη-δοκοÏ, Îη-θακοÏ, Îη-ÏαγοÏ, Îη-ÏακοÏ, Îη-ÏοκοÏ, ÎιÏ-ÏοκοÏ, ΠαÏ-δοκαÏ, ΣαÏα-ÏοκοÏ, ΣκοÏ-ÏοκηÏ, Î£ÎºÏ Î¸Î¿-δοκοÏ, ΣÏαÏαÂδοÏοÏ, ΣÏαÏ-ÏακοÏ, Spar-tacus, Spar-ticus, ΣÏαÏ-ÏοκοÏ, ΣÏαÏ-ÏÏ ÏοÏ, ΣÏοÏ-δοκοÏ.
> Vgl. die griech. PN auf -δοÏοÏ, -δοÏÎ¿Ï bei Bechtel PN 139 und die kelt. PN Docilus, Docius, Doci-rex u. ä. bei Holder AC 1, 1298-1299. Zur idg. Wz. dek`-, dok`- mit Entpalatalisierung des Gutturals, die auch in Dοκίμαιον, Stadt in PhryÂgien, Ptol. 5, 2, 24 und in deren Eponymos DÏκιμοÏ, Head HN 672 begegnet.'
Proposal:
(I'm not decided on whether I'll use a vowel plus Å (-VÅ-) or a nasalized vowel (-VN-) in the recontructions)
*daÅ-/daN- > *daw-
*daÅ-/daN- > *daNk- > *dak-
*daÅ-/daN- + -sk- > dansk
(*daÅ-isk´- > *duÅIsk´- > Pol. duÅsk-)
(*daÅ-yan-> *daNk-yan- > *daÄan-)
*sweÅ-/sweN- > *swew-
*sweÅ-/sweN- > *sweNk- > *swek- (Sueci)
*sweÅ-/sweN- + -sk- > *svensk
*graÅ-/*graN- > *graw- > *grai, grae
*graÅ-/graN- > *graÅk- > *graek-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacians
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacian
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacian#Substratum_of_Proto-Romanian
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#.28Old.29_Albanian
(the Old Albanian referred to here would be Dacian; note that the diagnostic suffixed definite article is also a feature of of North Germanic minus Vestjysk and would be just as indicative of a Dacian substrate, cf the thread starting in
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/9815
)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_tongue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dane%C5%9F (??)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suevi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedes_(Germanic_tribe)
(note all the *sven- side forms)
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=swain&searchmode=none
(cf. Kretschmer above)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks#Names (see Greeks)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crone (?)
The choices of Dak- Graek- over Dai-, Grae- as reflects of *daÅ-, *graÅ- seem to heve talen place at about the same time.
which BTW vindicates (I think) my derivation of crassus, grossus etc
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/66586
as a participle *gr-áÅ- "grown old, ripe, juicy". What verbs *d-áÅ-, *sw-éŠcould be participles of is difficult to know. Words so short are suspect of being back formations from compounds, in casu
1) from the *-daÅ occurring in the Dacian towns in -dava (the town name then being the name of its people)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dacian_cities#Dacian
and in the various -danes mentioned in Beowulf (Spear-danes, East-danes, West-danes etc),
http://www.heorot.dk/beowulf-rede-notes.html
*-daÅ being ultimately cognate to Celtic dun-, Germanic *tun-?),
2) and from the *-sweÅ (swain) occuring in eg boatswain (used much more in eg. Danish, cf. eg. 'svend' "master craftsman"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_craftsman
corresponding to the German term 'Geselle'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_craftsman#Germany
used in compounds: slagtersvend, murersvend, bagersvend etc
).
All this adds up to Dacians (Free Dacians?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Dacians
making up part of either the 10 BCE or 250 CE (Brøndsted, as emended by me) invasion of Denmark, see quote here:
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/66612
The main difference between Thracians and Dacians would be that the former slave-traded the latter. If so, the Burebista
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista
regime, made possible by the discovery of gold(?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacian_bracelets
or by reserving gold for the king's use alone(?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia#Occupations
would have been an economic disaster to Thracian slave-traders.
And BTW, while I'm at it, I think revive the old
Getae = Goths = Götar = Jutes equation
(plenty of it in the archives)
Torsten