From: tgpedersen
Message: 49460
Date: 2007-08-03
>I believe Late Latin had two major sociolects: Christian Latin, which
> At 5:30:26 PM on Monday, July 30, 2007, Rick McCallister
> wrote:
>
> > park is an intersting word
>
> It's worth quoting the OED commentary from the draft
> revision dated March 2007:
>
> Forms: ME paark, ME parck, ME perk, ME perke, ME (18 in
> senses 4, 5) parc, ME-16 parke, ME- park, 16 parcke; Sc.
> pre-17 parke, pre-17 perc, pre-17 perke, pre-17 17- pairk,
> pre-17 17- park, pre-17 17- perk, 19- paerk (Orkney). [<
> Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French <parc>
> large enclosed area of land or woodland where one keeps
> and raises animals for the hunt (1160-74), enclosed place
> planted with fruit trees, orchard (c1220-78), mobile
> enclosure where one keeps livestock when they sleep in the
> fields, area thus enclosed (1269), large enclosed area of
> land or woodland maintained for the decoration of a castle
> or country house, or for pleasure or recreation, etc.
> (1337), fortified camp (end of the 15th cent.; 1678 in
> <parc d'artillerie>), collection of vehicles which an army
> makes use of (1823; 1894 without military connotations),
> prob. < post-classical Latin <parricus> fence (8th cent.
> in Ripuar. Laws as <parracus>, but prob. earlier: see
> below), pen for animals (9th cent.), park, enclosure (12th
> cent. in a British source; from 13th cent. as <parrocus>),
> prob. < an unattested *<parra> pole, rod (cf. Spanish
> <parra> artificially supported vine, Catalan <parra> (type
> of) vine, Portuguese <parra> grapevine leaf; perh. ult.
> related to the base of Old French <barre> BAR n.1) +
> <-icus> -IC suffix. Cf. post-classical Latin <parcus>
> park, enclosure (freq. from 9th cent. in British sources),
> fence (12th cent. in a British source), pen for animals
> (freq. from 13th cent. in British sources), Old Occitan,
> Occitan <pargue, parc>, Italian <parco> (a1348; prob. <
> French), Spanish <parque> (1512; < French; 1436 as
> <parco>, prob. < Italian), Portuguese <parque> (16th
> cent.; < French), German <Park> (from early 17th cent. in
> travel writings, after English and French; 15th cent. in
> Middle High German in sense 'compound, enclosure'; <
> French). Cf. PARC n.
>
> Currency of post-classical Latin <parricus> earlier than
> the date of its first recorded attestation is suggested by
> the probable early West Germanic loan represented by
> PARROCK n., and also by the widespread currency of
> reflexes in Gallo-Romance dialects and in northern Italy.
> Most (although not all) recent commentators have regarded
> it as less likely that the word is a borrowing from
> Germanic into Latin (as frequently suggested in the past),
> on account of: (1) the initial p- (which is very rare in
> Germanic (see P n.), although it might be explained if the
> word were an earlier borrowing in Germanic from another
> language and not an inherited Indo-European word; this
> might also explain the fact that the word is recorded only
> in West Germanic); (2) the lack of evidence for a
> corresponding simplex in Germanic (although see PARROCK n.
> for discussion of PAR n.2 and PAR v.1); (3) the Latin
> suffix (although it is uncertain whether the vocalism of
> the last syllable in the continental West Germanic forms
> rules out the Germanic suffix -OCK suffix); (4) the
> possibility of Celtic cognates for the Latin word
> (although it is unclear what, if any, evidence there is to
> support the forms posited, e.g. Welsh <parr> enclosed
> place, Breton <par> plot of land); and (5) the possible
> connection with the base of Old French <barre> BAR n.1
> There is thus no completely convincing argument for either
> a Latin or a Germanic origin. In favour of a Germanic
> origin, J. Corominas (Diccionario Crítico Etimológico de
> la Lengua Castellana (1985) s.v. <parra>) argues that
> Occitan <parran> enclosure, garden (a1168) is likely to be
> a borrowing from Germanic on formal grounds, and hence
> that the same is likely to apply for the other Romance
> words.
>
> Welsh <parc> and Irish <páirc> are either < English or
> directly < French; Middle Breton, Breton <park> is <
> French.
>
> S.v. <parrock>:
>
> Forms: OE pearric (perh. transmission error), OE pearroc,
> OE pearrvc (rare), OE pearuc (rare), OE-eME pearruc, eME
> parruc, ME parrok, ME parroke, 15 paroche, 15 parocke, 15
> parrocke, 15-16 parock, 15- parrock, 16 paroc (hist.);
> Eng. regional 16 parruck (north.), 16 purrach (south.), 16
> purrock (south.), 18 parrack, 18- pairock (north.), 18-
> parrick, 18- perrick (north.), 19- parrak (north.); Sc. 17
> parock, 17 19- parreck, 18 parich, 18 parrich, 18 parrok,
> 18- parrach, 18- parrick, 18- parrock, 19- parack, 19-
> parrack, 19- parroch. Cf. PADDOCK n.2 [Cognate with Middle
> Dutch <parc, perc, paerc, parric, perric> enclosed place,
> park (Dutch <perk> flowerbed, park enclosure with animals,
> park; the Dutch word app. shows semantic influence from
> French <parc> PARK n. from an early date, and latterly
> also from English PARK n.), Middle Low German <perk>
> enclosure, Old High German <pfarrih, pferrih> pen,
> enclosure, hurdle (Middle High German <pherrich, pferrich,
> pferich, pherch> means of enclosure, pen, German <Pferch>
> pen, fold (for sheep, etc.); > <pferchen> to fold, pen (an
> animal) (16th cent.)), further etymology uncertain and
> disputed; perh. < post-classical Latin <parricus> (see
> PARK n. and discussion s.v.), although if so PAR n.2 and
> PAR v.1 present difficulties, unless they are of a
> completely different origin (it seems unlikely that they
> show a borrowing from Latin *<parra>). In English the
> ending prob. shows assimilation to the suffix -OCK suffix.
> Cf. PADDOCK n.2
>
> It is uncertain whether (as widely held by earlier
> scholars) Middle Low German <parre>, Old High German
> <pharra> (Middle High German <pharre>, German <Pfarre>)
> parish are ultimately from the same base; if so, they show
> semantic and perh. also formal influence from
> post-classical Latin <parochia> (see PARISH n.), but it is
> also possible that they show borrowings of this word.
>
> Cf. Welsh <parwg> (< Middle English <parrock>).