--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "andrew_and_inge"
<andrew.lancaster@...> wrote:
>
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "mkelkar2003" <swatimkelkar@> wrote:
>
> > "Genetically as well, the Greeks are closer to the people of Anatolia
> > than to those of the northern Balkans. "
>
> This is incorrect. In any meaningful way I am aware of the Greek
> population forms a continuum with the rest of the Balkans as well as
> Southern Italy. On the other hand many haplotypes present in high
> levels in Greece are almost non-existant in Turkey.
Table 1 and Fig 3:
Greeks contain Eu4, Eu9, and Eu18
Eu4 is most frequent in Lebanese, and Eu9 is most visible in Turkish
population. Eu18 is most frequent in, get this, Spanish and French
Basque speakers!
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2000_v290_p1155.pdf
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Proto-Indo-European
"In any case, developments in genetics take away much of the edge of
the sometimes heated controversies about invasions. They indicate a
strong genetic continuity in Europe (Specifically, studies by Brian
Sykes show that some 80% of the genetic stock of Europeans goes back
to the Paleolithic), suggesting that languages tend to spread
geographically by cultural contact rather than by invasion and
extermination, i. e. much more peacefully than was described in some
invasion scenarios, and thus the genetic record does not rule out the
historically much more common type of invasions where a new group
assimilates the earlier inhabitants (e.g. Romans in Southern Europe,
Britons in Britanny, Arabs in North Africa, Slavs in Russia, Chinese
in Southern China, Spanish in Mexico and Turks in Asia Minor, etc.).
This very common scenario of successive small scale invasions where a
ruling nation imposed its language and culture on a larger indigenous
population was what Gimbutas had in mind:
The Process of Indo-Europeanization was a cultural, not a physical
transformation. It must be understood as a military victory in terms
of imposing a new administrative system, language and religion upon
the indigenous groups.
On the other hand, such results also gave rise a new incarnation of
the "European hypothesis" suggesting the Indo-European languages to
have existed in Europe since the Paleolithic (see Paleolithic
Continuity Theory)."
End quote.
In other words genenetics will not be able to prove or disprove a
theory of language displacement through invasions.
M. Kelkar
>
> Of course this may be a modern situation caused by late classical and
> medieval movements of people, but what other genetic evidence do we
> have?
>
> Regards
> Andrew
>