--- Patrick Ryan <
proto-language@...> wrote:
> I can see no "individualizing" component in the
> -*nt- suffix.
>
> What shocked me, after I had been regarding -*n as
> an individualizing suffix
> for many years, was the necessity of recognizing and
> reconstructing a
> second -*n as a collective - and believe me, folks,
> I fought hard against
> making this assignment.
If you're talking about something like *wedn/r- vs.
*itn/r- (water vs. a way) my explanation is a suffix
-n- in the same category as dual and plural with
"partial" meaning: "one of" for countables and "some
of" for uncountables. Also suffix -t- for "complete"
or "group" (*dekY_mt "all ten" *pe:Nt "all (five)"
(with *pe:N(t)kWe being contaminated with kWe "and" in
counting as *kWetwores).
C consonant
V vowel
M labiodental nasal
N velar nasal
L velar liquid
bhár.á+NW wádá+n+NW gYána+n+NW
bhár.áM wádánNW gYánanNW
bhár.áM wádánNW gYánalNW
bhár.áM wádánxW gYánalNW
bhár.áM wádánxW gYánaLNW
bhár.áM wádán.xW gYánaLNW
bhár.áM wádár.xW gYánaLNW
bhár.áM wádár.xW gYánaLw
bhár.áM wádár.xW gYánawL
bhár.áM wádár.xW gYánwaL
bhár.áM wádár.s gYánwaL
bhár.áM wádár._ gYánwaL
bhár.áM wádá:r. gYánwaL
bhár.áM wádá:r. gYánw_L
bhár.áM wádá:r. gYánuL
bhór.óM wódó:r. gYónuL
bhór.óm wódó:r. gYónuL
bearer(acc)water knee
kYàkWa+n+NW xWàna+n+NW xYàsaxWa+n+NW
kYàkWanNW xWànanNW xYàsaxWanNW
kYàkWangW xWànangW xYàsaxWangW
kYàkWangY xWànangY xYàsaxWangY
kYàkWan.gY xWànan.gY xYàsaxWan.gY
kYàkWar.gY xWànar.gY xYàsaxWar.gY
kYàkWar.d xWànar.gY xYàsaxWar.gY
kYàkWar.d xWànar.gY xYàsxWar.gY
kYàkW_r.d xWàn_r.gY xYàsxW_r.gY
kYèkW_r.d xWèn_r.gY xYèsxW_r.gY
kYèkW_r.d xWòn_r.gY xYèsxW_r.gY
dung dream blood
NW>M after V
dissimilation (gánanNW to gánalNW)
dissimilation (NW to gW near nasal)
dissimilation (gW to gY near CW)
NW>xW after n in same syl.
l>L before velar in same syl.
n/d/t>retro. before velar same syl.
n. > r. before velar/more?
dissimilation (gY to d near CY)
M>w after C equal or more sonorant
C metathesis
V metathesis
x^/x/xW>s after a consonant in syl.
s>0 before C+sonorant or +continuant
and
if vowel before Cs>C_ has marked tone it lengthens
syncope
a-tone>0 if before high vowel, sonorant C, or x^/x/xW
in same syl.
and
the vowel, glide, or C moves into the vacated nucleus
and
in nucleus becomes syllabic
glide in nucleus becomes high V
a with high tone to o
a with low tone to e
x^/x/xW change the non-high vowels (exW>oxW, etc.)
M>m word-final
I reconstruct x etc. for H1/2/3 because they color
V's as velar stops do differently early in various
languages (phleg-/flag-); they dissapear before velars
with the same place of articulation in some languages
(*p(e)lxYúx kWid > *polwáxki > polláki in Greek); gh
dissimilates to g before syllabic x in Greek
(thugater-); x becomes syllabic before w but not y in
Greek; combinations of round or palatalized velar and
plain velar become all plain in Khowar and x has the
same effect.
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