--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Edgard Bikelis" <bikelis@...> wrote:
>
> Urgh. Some people seem too afected by invasions, migrations or
any other
> kind of movement.
Not "some people;" a lot of "people" including recognized
archaeologists, historians and geneticist.
"Such (invasion/migration) theories are now viewed with suspicion.
There is a realization that they involve a considerable degree of
circular argument.; archeologist have taken on trust notions from
linguists, as have linguists from archeologist, causing each to build
on the other's myths (Davies 2000, p. 26, parenthesis added)."
"Invasionism lost favor from the 1950's onwards-the era, significantly
perhaps of rapid desalinization. Instead, emphasis was placed upon the
capacity of indigenous societies to innovate and develop (Davies 2000,
p. 26, 28)."
"NO EVIDENCE-ARCHAEOLOGOCAL. LINGUISTIC OR DOCUMENTARY-WAS ADVANCED IN
BEHALF OF EITHER VIEW, AND NO HISTORIAN EVER SUGGESTED THAT SUCH
EVIDENCE WAS NECESSARY. That nothing Indo-European could have been
indigenous to Asia minor was simply assumed by the scholars, whether
orientalist, Indo-Europeanist, or historians. If the Hittites were
Indo-European, at some time and some place the Hittite nation must
have invaded Asia Minor (Drews 1989, p. 53-54, emphasis added)."
"The `Hittite Nation' turns out, upon inspection, to be as illusory as
the `Hittite invasion,' of central Anatolia (Drews 1989, p. 72)."
"Consider the people of India. Physical anthropologists traditionally
have classfiedIndians as "Caucasians," a term invented in the
eighteenth century to describe people with a particular set of facial
features. But this classification has never sat particularly well with
some Europeans, who were offended by being lumped with the
dark-skinned people of the (Indian)subcontinent. Gradually a kind of
folk explanation emerged, which held that several thousand years ago
(1500 B.C.)India was overrun by invaders from Europe.
These light skinnned warriors interbred with the existing dark-skinned
populations (or the "dasyus") that the Indians acqired European
features (and the "IE languages").
Recent studies of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome have revealed
a different picture. Incursions of people from Europe into India have
certainly occurred, but they have been less extensive than supposed,
and genes have flowed in the opposite direction as well. The physical
resemblance of Europeans to Indians appears instead to have resulted
largely from their common descent from the modern humans who left
Afica for Eurasia (Olson 2002, p. 160-161)."
Davies, John (2000), The Celts, Cassell and Company, London, United
Kingdom.
Drews, Robert (1989), "The Coming of the Greeks," Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
Olson, Steve (2002), "Mapping Human History: Discovering the Past
Through Our Genes," Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
M. Kelkar