Kc 10

[Kaccāyanabyākaraṇaṃ, Sandhikappo, Sutta 10]

10. 12. Pubbam adhoṭhitam assaraṃ sarena viyojaye (28).

Tattha sandhiṃ kattukāmo pubbabyañjanaṃ adhoṭhitaṃ assaraṃ katvā sarañ ca
upari katvā sarena viyojaye.

Herein, the student who wants to do joining of words should, after making
the previous consonant that lies (lit. sits) below*, free from the vowel and
putting the vowel above*, separate the consonant from the vowel.

Tatr āyam ādi (Khu. i, 67).

Example: Tatrāyamādi.

U Nandisena's notes:
*'Below' means on the left, and 'above' means on the right. What has been
read was called in ancient times "below', and what has not been read but
about to be read is called 'above'.

See §13 for formal formation of the word. [reproduced below: (ja)]

1. Tatrāyamādi: In order to form this word, first the word must be written
down as 'tatra ayamādi'. Then by §10 the consonant (here conjunct consonant)
'tr' is separated from the vowel 'a', and put on the left (tatr a ayamādi);
by §12 the 'a' is elided because of the following vowel 'a' (tatr ayamādi);
by §15 the 'a' of ayamādi is made long (tatr āyamādi); now the consonant
'tr' is carried to (or combined with) the following 'ā' by §11. The word
'tatrāyamādi' is finished.

* The formation of the word given above is the traditional method of forming
words. Students have to follow this procedure when they study Pāḷi grammar
and form words. Every example in the book has to be formed formally in this
way.

In oriental scripts, consonants and vowels are written in such a way that
they do not appear separately as in Roman script. Therefore in order to do
something to the consonant and also the vowel, they have to be separated
first and written separately. Only then can one do whatever is appropriate.
But in Roman script there is no need to separate them as they stand
separately and not one on top of the other or the two blended together.

-- translation and notes by Ven. U Nandisena, 2004

-- posted by Jim Anderson, 7 March 2010 (last quarter moon)
Notes (ja):
     1) This (and the following sutta) is called a paribhāsā (key to
interpretation) sutta.
     2) The example such as "tatrāyamādi" is called an "udāharaṇaṃ".
     3) The formal procedure for the formation of words or phrases in the
examples are given as a regular feature in the Nyāsa (Mmd). The following
procedure for sandhi in "tatrāyaṃ" is given as follows:

tatrāyam iti udāharaṇaṃ || tassa pana tatra ayaṃ iti padacchede kate iminā
sarato byañjanaṃ viyojetvā sarā sare lopanti pubbasarassa lopaṃ katvā sarā
sare lopaṃ | vā paro asarūpā | kvacāsavaṇṇaṃ lutteti adhikicca dīghanti
dīghaṃ katvā parakkharaṃ netvā udāharaṇasiddhi veditabbā || Mmd 20,14-18 ||