some remarks on continuative participle
From: Ven. Pandita
Message: 992
Date: 2004-12-31
Hi! Jim and others
I have been silent for a long time. It is only because I have moved
from Taiwan to Sri Lanka and I have been busy with various activities.
Now I am doing research at the Post Graduate Institute of Pali and
Buddhist Studies (University of Kelaniya) and I think I may be able to
post to my Palistudy group again.
I have read the posts no. 382 and 384 and I think I have something
to say about the so-called "continuative participle".
First of all, I would try to explain the Kaccaayana sutta
"pubbakaalekakattukaana.m tuunatvaanatvaa vaa" as expounded by
ruupasiddhi, and understood in Burma.
1. "pubbakaaloti pubbakiriyaa"
The correct reading is only "pubbakaaloti", not " pubbakaaleti" as
Rett thinks. What it means is that the compound "pubbakaala", itself the
first member of "pubbakaalekakattukaa", may literally mean "the previous
time" but it really means, in this context, a certain action (or a verb
expressing it) taking place at that time.
In the oringinal sutta, it is true, it has "pubbakaale" but the
commentator has the right to transform its case into nominative case for
the sake of his explanation. We can know that the correct reading is
"pubbakaaloti" from the comment "pubbakiriyaa", which is in nominative
case. If the original reading were "pubbakaalete", it should have been
"pubbakiriyaaya" or "pubbakiriyaaya.m" (that is, in locative case)
2. "antare"
The word "antare" is actually more closely related to the preceding
"ekakattukaana.m samaanakattukaana.m dhaatuuna.m". A rule of thumb in
Burmese tradition is that whenever a noun in genitive case (generally
plural) is followed by the word "antare", it means the sense of
niddhara.na (Please see the sutta "niddhara.ne ca" in Kaccayana and
Ruupasiddhi) To explain it with an example:
puttaana.m je.t.tho se.t.tho = puttaana.m antare je.t.tho se.t.tho
(Among the sons, the eldest is the best)
In this case also, this rule is applicable. The word "antare" in the
following vutti is meant to indicate that the genitive case of
"pubbakaalekakattukaana.m" has the sense of niddhara.na
("between/among") Then the proper sense of the sutta would come out as
follows:
"Out of the the verbs having the same subject, the verb (belonging to) a
previous time has the suffixes (following it) tvaana, tvaa, iccete in
some instances"
Now I would like to explain in my own words, that is, how we
understand this so-called continuative participle. It is in fact a verb
but it cannot stand on his own; it is dependent on another verb taking
place later than it in the time frame of context. We usually translate
it as a verb followed by "... and" For instance:
puriso bhutvaa gachaati = The man eats and goes (that is, eating first
and going later)
As for a suitable term for it, those having better English skills
should try.
with metta
Ven. Pandita