--- In Pali@yahoogroups.com, "gdbedell" <gdbedell@...> wrote:

>
> Nina, Jon and all,
>
> My profound apologies for the earlier posting. I have converted to Velthuis, but it still
> suffers from the non-support of italics and tabs. I don't know what to do about that,

but

> in the translations of (3) through (10), the endings are intended to be displayed in four

by

> three arrays, and some of the later definitions presuppose such an arrangement.
>
> George

Take three:

II. (Bhavati-kriyaa-pada-maalaa-vibhaaga)
(1) Ito para.m pavakkhaami, sotuuna.m mati-va.d.dhana.m;
kriyaa-pada-kkama.m naama, vibhatt'-aadiini diipaya.m.
*I will explain, for the growth of my audience's wisdom,
the terminology of verbs, starting with endings.

2) Tatra aakhyaatikassa kiriyaa-lakkha.n-atta-suucikaa ty-aadayo
vibhattiyo, taa a.t.tha-vidhaa vattamaanaa-pa~ncamii-sattamii-
parokkhaa-hiyyattanii-'jjatanii-bhavissantii-kaalaatipatti-vasena.
*Endings such as -ti, etc. indicate the character of the action (performed
by) a verb (C. 79), the eight sets: present (tense), imperative (mood),
optative (mood), perfect (aspect), imperfect (aspect), aorist (tense),
future (tense) and conditional (mood).
[As pointed out by C. (80), perfect and imperfect forms are not found
in early Paali literature. They may be due to later influences of Sanskrit
on Paali. The lists of endings which follow are found in all Paali
grammars beginning with Kaccaayana, with few variations. In the
Suttamaalaa, the same lists are given in suttas 896 to 903. The
classification of these 'conjugations' into tenses, aspects and moods
is a Western imposition.]

(3) Tattha ti anti, si tha, mi ma, te ante, se vhe, e mhe icc etaa
vattamaanaa-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the present endings:
-ti -anti -te -ante
-si -tha -se -vhe
-mi -ma -e -mhe
[The term vattamaanaa means 'presently existing': an appropriate
choice for the present tense.]

(4) Tu antu, hi tha, mi ma, ta.m anta.m, su vho, e aamase icc etaa
pa~ncamii-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the imperative endings:
-tu -antu -ta.m -anta.m
-hi -tha -su -vho
-mi -ma -e -aamase
[The term pa~ncamii means 'fifth', and reflects an earlier system.
It is used for the imperative mood in Kaatantra.]

(5) Eyya eyyu.m, eyyaasi eyyaatha, eyyaami eyyaama, etha era.m,
etho eyyaavho, eyya.m eyyaamhe icc etaa
sattamii-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the optative endings:
-eyya -eyyu.m -etha -era.m
-eyyaasi -eyyaatha -etho -eyyaavho
-eyyaami -eyyaama -eyya.m -eyyaamhe
[The term sattamii means 'seventh', and reflects an earlier system.
It is used for the optative mood in Kaatantra.]

(6) A u, e ttha, a.m mha, ttha re, ttho vho, i.m mhe icc etaa parokkhaa-
vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the perfect endings:
-a -u -ttha -re
-e -ttha -ttho -vho
-a.m -mha -i.m -mhe

(7) AA uu, o ttha, a.m mhaa, ttha tthu.m, se vha.m, i.m mhase icc etaa
hiyyattanii-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the imperfect endings:
-aa -uu -ttha -tthu.m
-o -ttha -se -vha.m
-a.m -mhaa -i.m -mhase

(8) II u.m, o ttha, i.m mhaa, aa uu, se vha.m, a.m mhe icc etaa ajjatanii-
vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the aorist endings:
-ii -u.m -aa -uu
-o -ttha -se -vha.m
-i.m -mhaa -a.m -mhe

(9) Ssati ssanti, ssasi ssatha, ssaami ssaama, ssate ssante, ssase ssavhe,
ssa.m ssaamhe icc etaa bhavissantii-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the future endings:
-ssati -ssanti -ssate -ssante
-ssasi -ssatha -ssase -ssavhe
-ssaami -ssaama -ssa.m -ssaamhe
[The term bhavissantii is a participle meaning 'going to be'. It is
used for the future tense in Paa.nini, and also in Kaatantra.]

(10) Ssaa ssa.msu, sse ssatha, ssa.m ssaamhaa, ssatha ssisu, ssase
ssavhe, ssi.m ssaamhase icc etaa kaalaatipatti-vibhattiyo naama.
*These are called the conditional endings:
-ssaa -ssa.msu -ssatha -ssisu
-sse -ssatha -ssase -ssavhe
-ssa.m -ssaamhaa -ssi.m -ssaamhase

(11) Sabbaasametaasa.m vibhattiina.m yaani yaani pubbakaani cha
padaani, taani taani parassa-padaani naama. Yaani yaani pana paraani
cha padaani, taani taani attano-padaani naama. Tattha parassapadaani
vattamaanaa cha, pa~ncamiyo cha, sattamiyo cha, parokkhaa cha,
hiyyattaniyo cha, ajjataniyo cha, bhavissantiyo cha, kaalaatipattiyo chaa
ti a.t.tha-cattaaliisa-vidhaani honti, tathaa itaraani, sabbaani taani
pi.n.ditaani channavuti-vidhaani.
*In each set of endings, the first six are called active, and the last six
are called middle. Thus in the active there are six present, six imperative,
six optative, six perfect, six imperfect, six aorist, six future and six
conditional endings, totalling forty-eight; the others (i. e. the middle)
are all grouped in the same way.

(12) Parassapadaanam-attanopadaana~n-ca dve dve padaani pa.thama-
majjhim-uttama-purisaa naama. Te vattamaan'-aadiisu cattaaro cattaaro,
a.t.thanna.m vibhattiina.m vasena dvatti.msa, pi.n.ditaani parimaa.naan' eva.
*In both active and middle, the pairs are called third person, second
person and first person. Beginning with the present there are eight
groups of four endings totalling thirty-two.

(13) Dviisu dviisu padesu pa.thama.m pa.thama.m eka-vacana.m, dutiya.m
dutiya.m bahu-vacana.m.
*In each pair, the first is singular, the second plural.

(14) Tatra vattamaanan-vibhattiina.m ti anti, si tha, mi ma icc etaani
parassapadaani. Te ante, se vhe, e mhe icc etaani attanopadaani.
Parassapada-'ttanopadesu pi ti anti iti pa.thamapurisaa, si tha iti
majjhimapurisaa, mi ma iti uttamapurisaa, te ante iti pa.thamapurisaa,
se vhe iti majjhimapurisaa, e mhe iti uttamapurisaa. Pa.thama-majjhim
-uttama-purisesu pi ti iti ekavacana.m, anti iti bahuvacanan ti eva.m
ekavacana-bahuvacanaani kamato ~neyyaani. Eva.m sesaasu vibhattisu
parassapada-'ttanopada-pa.thama-majjhim-uttama-puris'-ekavacana-
bahuvacanaani ~neyyaani.
*Thus the present endings ti anti, si tha, mi ma are active, and te ante,
se vhe, e mhe are middle. Of the active and middle, ti anti are third
person, si tha are second person, mi ma are first person, te ante are
third person, se vhe are second person and e mhe are first person.
Of the third, second and first person, ti is singular and anti is plural,
and so for the others. The rest of the endings are understood to be
active or middle, third, second or first person and singular or plural
appropriately.