Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

dispatched = vissajjesi, pesesi (v).
drys up = sussati (v).
elapsed = atikkanta (pp).
garments and ornaments = vatthaabhara.na (n).
gets wet = temeti (v).
handsome = abhiruupa (adj).
highwayman = panthaghaataka (m).
in succession = pa.tipaa.tiyaa (adv).
land = thala (n).
likewise = tath'eva (indec).
meets together = sannipatati (v).
moment = kha.na (m).
one by one = ekeka (adj).
perishing = vinassanta (pr.p).
proceeds = sa~ncarati (v).
recites = sajjhaayati (v).
remaining = avasesa (adj). avasi.t.tha (pp).
report = pavatti (f).
savoury earth = pa.thavojaa (f).
sect = ga.na, nikaaya (m).
sixteen years of age = solasavassika (adj).
spy = carapurisa (m).
to hunt = pariyesitu.m (inf).
spreads = pattharati (v).
turtle = kacchapa (m).
ugly = viruupa, dubba.n.na (adj).
wandering ascetic = paribbaajaka (m).
zenith = uddha.m (indec).

The Primary Derivatives or Kitakas

140. Primary derivatives are formed directly from the roots by the
adding of certain suffixes. These suffixes are known by the name of
Kita; hence these derivatives are called Kitakas.

A. Both Primary and Secondary derivatives are treated as nouns (i.e.,
as adjectives and substantives). Some indeclinables, too, are found in
them.

B. The difference between the (1) Primary and the (2) Secondary
derivatives is:

(1) The first is a noun or an indeclinable formed with a root +
suffix. All participles -- being formed with roots + suffixes -- are
included in this category.

(2) The second is a word formed with a Primary derivative + suffix.
This is mostly adjectival in nature.

141. The final vowel of a root, if there are more than one, may be
elided before a suffix.

The rules of sandhi, assimilation, and strengthening are regularly
applied.

142. All Kitaka suffixes are divided into (1) Kiccas and (2) Kitas.

(1) The suffixes, by which the passive participles are formed, are
called Kiccas. They are few in number.

(2) The suffixes, by which active participles and other nouns
expressing an active meaning are formed, are called Kitas. They are
numerous.

(1) Kicca Suffixes

We treat Kicca suffixes first because they are few in number.

-tabba, -aniiya, .nya, .niya, -tayya and -icca are Kiccas.

143. "-tabba" or "-aniiya" may be annexed to all the roots to form
potential participles expressing a passive meaning.

karA (to do) + tabba = kattabba or kaatabba
(In one place r of the root is assimilated to the first consonant of
the suffix; in the other r is elided and the first vowel is lengthened.)
karA + aniiya = kara.niiya (that should be done)
su (to hear) + tabba = sotabba
su + aniiya = sava.niiya (that should be heard)
(In both places the vowel of the root is strengthened; and in the
second instance the strengthened vowel becomes av.)

For more examples of this kind see §73 of the First Book.

144. ".nya" and ".niya" are suffixed to some roots to form passive
participles. (.n is the sign indicatory of strengthening)

A. When the last vowel of the root is elided before .nya, and ya of
the suffix is connected with the last consonant, both of them undergo
a change. With roots ending in h(a), y of the suffix is interchanged
with the last consonant of the root.

B. In some roots the final palatal (c, j) is gutturalized (into k, g,
respectively).