Taking as a basis my knowledge of some European languages, I've made up a
list of possible cognates with Pali. Whether or not all of these actually
are cognates is an issue that I defer to the professional linguists.
Nonetheless, this list has helped me learn Paali vocabulary; perhaps it can
help others, as well.
With metta,
Adin
aggi = fire [*cf.* English ignite]
akkho = axle
anguli = finger [*cf.* English ankle > joint > finger]
añña = other [*cf.* German andere]
antarā = between [*cf.* French entre]
antima = last [*cf.* Spanish último]
anto = end
as = to eat [*cf.* German essen]
asmi = "I" am
atţţha = eight
ava = away
bādasa = twelve [*cf.* English both = 2]
bandh = to bind
bhar = carry [*cf.* English bear]
bhogga = bend [*cf.* German Bogen]
bhū = to be
cattāro = four [*cf.* French quatre]
dā = to give [*cf.* Spanish dar]
dam = to tame
dasa = ten [*cf.* French dix; Spanish diez]
deva = god [*cf.* English divine]
dis = to say [*cf.* Spanish decir]
divas = day [*cf.* Spanish día]
dvāra = door
dve = two [*cf.* Dutch twee]
ekato = on one side [*cf.* French à côté]
eso = this [*cf.* Spanish eso]
gam = to go [*cf.* Dutch gaan]
go = cow [*cf.* Dutch koe]
hada = heart
i = to go [*cf.* Spanish ir]
is = wish; [*cf.* English [w]ish]
ke = what [*cf.* Spanish que]
khād = chew [*cf.* English cud]
kokilo = cuckoo
kus = to embrace [*cf.* German Kuss]
lih = to lick
lip = smear ["smeared lips"]
lok = to look [Swiss German lüegi]
mahā = great [*cf.* English magnify]
man = to think [*cf.* Dutch menen]
manas = mind [*cf.* Spanish mente]
manussa = human [*cf.* Dutch mens]
mar = to die [*cf.* Spanish morir]
māso = month [*cf.* Spanish mes]
mātar = mother
mattā = measure [*cf.* Dutch maat]
missa = mixed
na = not
ñā = to know [*cf.* English gnosis]
nah = to join (*cf.* German nähen; nah)
nakho = fingernail [*cf.* German Nagel]
nāma = name
nāvā = boat [*cf.* English navy]
nava = new [*cf.* Portuguese novo]
nava = nine [*cf.* Portuguese nove]
ni = down, low [*cf.* German nieder]
pāda = foot [*cf.* French pied]
palālam = straw [*cf.* French paille]
pañca = five [*cf.* English penta-]
parā = away [*cf.* English paragon]
pari = around [*cf.* English periphery]
patho = road [*cf.* English path]
pitar = father [*cf.* Latin pater]
piva = to drink [*cf.* Russian pivo]
pūreti = fills [*cf.* English pour]
rājā = king [*cf.* Spanish rey]
sā = she
sace = if [*cf.* Spanish si]
sālā = hall [*cf.* Spanish sala]
sam = together [*cf.* German zusammen]
sama = equal to [*cf.* English same]
sammā = supreme [*cf.* Latin summa]
sāta = sweet [*cf.* Dutch zoet]
satta = seven [*cf.* French sept]
sid = to sit
sukkha = dry [*cf.* Spanish seco]
suttam = thread [*cf.* English suture]
- tā = -ty [*cf.* English suffix]
te = they
toranam = gateway [*cf.* German Tor]
tvam = you (thou) [*cf.* Spanish tu]
ubho = both
udaram = belly; [*cf.* German Darm]
upā = up
upa = up to
vācā = Spanisheech [cg. Italian voce]
vad = tell; say [*cf.* English word > say]
vam = vomit
varāha = pig [cf Dutch vaarken]
vāri = water [*cf.* Russian voda]
vās = dress [*cf.* Spanish vestir]
vellita = wavy [*cf.* German Welle]
vida = to know [*cf.* English wit]
vind = to find
visāti = twenty [*cf.* Spanish veinte]
viya = like [*cf.* German wie]
vuddha = old [*cf.* French vieux]
yugam = yoke
yuva = young [*cf.* Spanish joven]
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