Hello John,

< Dear friends,

Can someone please help me decipher the meaning of 'vijjamaane parakkame'
in the verses at the end of AN 4:179 (A.iii.213).

85. Na hi.mse paa.nabhuutaani vijjamaane parakkame>

This is a somewhat difficult verse. Its interprettion centres on the
function of the noun phrase vijjamaane parakkame. There is to the best of my
knowledge only one parallel to this expression at Ud 50. It indicates that
parakkama involves bodily violence, attack. This would seem to explain the
use of the locative: it denotes the cause (nimitta) of an action, and it is
qualified by vijjamaana. This usage is common in the Pali canon and is often
overlooked. On this interpretation the verse would state: one should not
kill living beings on account of (their) actual violence. The Udana verse
runs: Just as a person that has good sight should avoid dangerous places on
account of the violence that is found there, the pandit should avoid evil
deeds in the world of living beings. An alternative interpretation would be
to take the phrase as an locative absolute, which I find less likely.

Regards,
Ole Pind







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