Hi Rett and group,

Ole wrote:

>The so-called gerund denotes in general an action preceding the action
>denoted by the finite verb. The example below claims aproximately: "Having
>entered the wood with their bows and killed the dear they will surely bring
>(it) back with them."
> > > 5.Addhaa te dhanuuni aadaaya vana.m pavisitvaa miga.m maaretvaa
> > > aanessanti.
>

I'd like to add a couple of references to round off these clear explanations
and exemplifications:

"The gerund is not only subordinate to another verb but also expresses a
certain temporal relation to that verb. The rule is that the action
expressed by the gerund in time precedes that of the principal verb."
Hendriksen, Hans, _Syntax of the Infinite Verb Forms of Pali_, Copenhagen
1944, §41, p 112

From Hendriksen's notes:

Kacc VII 2,15 (§566) pubbakaal-ekakattukaana.m tuuna tvaana tvaa vaa.
Sadd §1150, and vol I (Smith edition) p 311, 24-29

Both Kacc and Sadd provide examples of the gerund together with a finite
verb in the future tense (Kacc: akaatuuna puñña.m kilamissanti ‚ Sadd:
akaatuuna puñña.m kilissanti sattaa (not future!), Sadd: sutvaa jaanissaama,
mantetvaa jaanissaama, bhutvaa gamissati).

The Kacc and Sadd examples are untraced AFAIK, so it would be helpful to
find a couple of clear-cut examples of gerunds together with future-tense
verbs in the literature (both canonical and commentarial). >

The Kaccayanasutta mentioned above presupposes Panini III.4:21. There are,
of course, instances where the action denoted by the gerund is simultaneaous
with the action of the finite verb. A favorite example cited by the
Sanskrit grammarians on this Panini sutra is vyaadaaya svapiti "he sleeps
with his mouth open" not "having opened his mouth he lies down to sleep."
The term paticcasamuppaada has implicatins for the interpretation of the
gerund as can be seen from itstreatment in e.g. Visuddhimagga.

regards

OP


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