--- In Nostratica@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@...>
wrote:

> > > >
> > > > Illich-Svitych has in his reconstruction of Nostratic
> > > > Proto-Nostratic **/bok/a/ "to run away"
> > > > Proto-Indo-European *bheug/bhegw- id.
> > > > Proto-Uralic *pok-tV- "to run"
> > > > Proto-Altaic *p[']Vk- "run"
> > > >
> > > > It occurred to me that the two senses of the root might be
> > > > reconciled, namely as "acknowledge defeat" (> "bow down",
> > > > "flee"),
> > > > cf Danish 'bukke' "bend", 'bukke under' "succumb, perish".
> > >
> > > And also that English 'to buck' is also a nice middle ground
> > > between "bend, flex" and "flee". Perhaps the original sense

should

> > > be "struggling to get free"?
>
>
>
> > I thought English 'to buck' had more to do with 'buck' the young
> male deer.
> > Now that word must have a complicated history - Proto-Germanic
> *bukkaz,
> > *bukkon, Armenian buc 'lamb', Old Irish bocc 'he-goat', Old

French

> bouc
> > 'he-goat', Avestan bu:za 'he-goat', Sanskrit bukka 'he-goat'.

(The

> Germanic
> > forms are Old English buc, Middle Dutch boc, OHG boc, ON bukkr,
> bokkr 'male
> > deer', OE bucca 'he-goat', ON bokki 'my good fellow, old buck'.)
> >
>
> I just looted Benveniste for further roots:
>
> fungor "to discharge a function" Latin
> bugjan "buy" Gothic
> buy English
> bhuj- "eat; fold" Sanskrit
> fugio: "flee" Latin
> pheúgo: "flee" Greek
> bhun.kte present middle
> "enjoy" > "enjoy food, consume" Sanskrit
> bucanem "nourish, bring up" Armenian
> baog- "undo, detach" (garment, girdle) >
> "set free" > "save" (relig.) Avestan >(loan)>
> buzem "save from illness, cure" Armenian
> baoxtar "the liberator" Avestan
> bo:z^a:Gai "the liberator" Parthian
> bo:ze:Gar "the liberator" Persian
>
> so therefore I think it's a tr. (note the -j- in Gothic)
> and intr. form of the same verb, thus:
>
> "get free" and "set free" (from as predicament), secondarily
> "at a price", whence "buy, consume, eat".
>

And I just came across
bo(o)k "goat" Bedawye, ie. Northern Cushitic
*buk- id. Central Chadic, Eastern Chadic

*byag(g)- "shep, goat" Agaw, ie. Central Cushitic
*bag(g)- id. Omotic, ie. Western Cushitic
*bag- id. Central Chadic, Eastern Chadic

and

*buk- "run" Agaw
bukaa id. Saho?
*bak- id. Galla-Somali
*bik- id. Omotic
*bak- "return" West Chadic

Semms it must have been loaned into IE before Ablaut.

Torsten