From: H.M. Hubey
Message: 649
Date: 2003-06-18
Book on Sumerian by Prof. O. Tuna.heavy
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Sümerce Türkçe Ses Denklikleri (Kurallar?)
(Sumerian-Turkish Regular Sound Change Rules)
A. Dog(rudan Görülebilen Denklikler
(Sound equivalences that can be seen without any changes.)
1. agar lead (metal) (EHG. 34, 58)
ag(?r ag(?r (DLT, I, 52)
KBal aghar = it flows (e.g. it flows) also used as noun
e.g, achar (key) from ach (to open).
corner, direction, side
2. azgu neck-stock (for use with animals) (Grd. 331)
asgu <as- asmak (DLT, I, 173), krs,. asgu (DSz. 342), asg? (DSz. 341),
asku (DSz. 345), ask? (DSz. 344)
3. bulug Grenze, Grenzegebiet (D. 31)
bulu? kös,e, bucak, zaviye (DLT, II, 371). kös,e, yön, taraf, cihet
(EUSz. 53)
to speak e.g. demek
4. di to speak (Grd. 342)
ti demek (DLT, III, 231)
sky, god, etc
5. dingir Gott (D. 84), god; (Grd. 341)
te?ri Tanr? (DLT, I, 685, gök, sema (DLT, III, 377)
tol=to be filled
6. du3 (III, 3) voll sein, füllen (D. 73)
to1 dolmak, (KBI., 458), krs,, to-k (KBI., 457) ve to-d- (KBI., 455)
toy=to be satisfied
both likely from *todh (and possibly related to "being born" or "being pregnant")
Chuvash tek=to pour.
7. dug B. 23. to pour out (D. 78)
tök- dökmek, bos,altmak (DLT, II, 19)
tOk/dOk (to pour, to empty something)
dOkUl (to be poured e.g. to spill)
There is some little evidence that -Vk was causative the same way -Vn and
sometimes -Vl, or -Vr is passive-reflexive e.g.
yan (ya-an) to burn, to catch on fire
yak (ya-ak) to set on fire
Thus tek/tOk is likely related to *ten which would be at the root of
tengri, tenger, tengiz (e.g. sky, (sky)god, sea).
Also tUsh (to go down, e.g. sit down, Miziev)
8. dur seat (MSL, III, 58)
tör evin veya odan?n em iyi, en önemli yeri, sediri (DLT, III, 121)
esmek= to blow, for a wind
9. es, blow (said of wind) (Prince, 106)
es- esmek (DLT, I, 165)
Also gibi, kibik, etc with the same meaning e.g. "like, as"
10. gim like (Akk.(k)ima id.) (MSL, IV, 43), like, as (Grd. 358)
kipi gibi (DLT, I, 483)
bad smell
11. ?um 19. Lager, Stall (D. 126)
kom ag(?l, ah?r (SDD, II, 1695) krs,. komuk at gübresi (DLT, I, 383)
12. iduga parfume (MSL, IV, 23)
y?d?g pis kokan, taaffün etmis, (EUSz. 293); kötü kokan hers,ey (DLT, III, 12); kötü kokulu (s,ey) (KBI., 537)
Also shows up as iyis (bad smell) again displaying the kinds of sound changes which
I have shown to occur accross various language families e.g. IE, Semitic, Turkic, Sumerian
e.g. * idhug < *idhung <* idhudh > *idhus
to settle (down)
13. kad knüpfen (MSL, II, 133), binden (D. 140), kad festlügen (D.
140)
kada- annegeln, befestigen (çç. 147, 2), kadan- pekis,mek,
yerles,mek (TTS, IV, 2157)
14. kabkagag mayiler koymag(a mahsus bir kap (EDSz. 71), kagag
mayileri koymag(a mahsus bir kap (EDSz. 67); ka a vessel (EHG. 94),
kab id. (EHG., 947)
kapkacak kap kacak (PdC. 3925; Mf. çn. 3 a, 11); kapkaç kap kacak
(TTS, IV, 2148); kakaça içine akarlar konan kap; kapkacak (DLT, III,
211, 238); ka kap, zarf (may? için) (DLT, 407); kap, tabak (KBI.,
2552), kap, kap&,zarf&(DLT, I, 195); kaça kap (DLT, III, 238); Tkç.
Kap kacak
This is impossible to bury away. kap kagag = kap kacak.
kaca (and kacak?) can even be seen in Clauson.
Also hIz (speed),
15. kas,4 speed (Grd. 374) galoppieren (D. 142, IV kas,4)
kaç- kos,mak, seg(irtmek (YTSz. 121)
kach = to run away, ro run
kosh = to run
kIl = to make, to do
16. kas, urin (MSL, II, 144; Grd. 374; D. 42)
kas,+a-n-(hayvan, at) is,emek (DLT, II, 1557), (büyük bas, hayvanlar)
is,emek (YTSz. 129), uriner (PdC. 406)
17. ki machen (D. 103) vgl. Kid, id. (D. 148)
k?-1- yapmak, k?lmak (DLT, I, 36)
kIy = to slice, kill, to cut
18. kid2 spalten (D. 149), to split, to cut into pieces (MSL, III,
167); kud to cut off (Grd. 378)
k?d- k?ymak, öldürmek (ETY, KT, Güney 6); k?y- k?ymak (KBI., 253;
Tz, 200)
e.g. kIyma = sliced, minced meat
kIlIch = sword < kIlInch
kIr = steppe, according to Clauson originally an isolated block of mountains
19. kiri6 garden, field (EHG, 63)
k?r k?r, bas?k, dag(, aç?k yer (DLT, I, 324; III, 39)
to let go, to leave, to put
20. ku werfen, lagen, niederlagen, gründen; Niederlessung (D. 143)
ko b?rakmak, terketmek, koymak (YTSz. 143), ko-d- koymak, b?rakmak,
terketmek (DLT, II, 29)
kara=land, toprak=earth, land, yer=land
21. kur Land (MSL, III, 148)
kuru kara, toprak, yer (TYSz. 149)
yer shows up as cer also, and thus using Doerfer's reconstruction that
Turkic initial *d changed to y/c we obtain *der which can easily be
related to tir, terra, etc. "der" also shows up in Bolgaric (turkic)
runic on stones in the Caucasus.
korumak=to protect
22. kur 2. guard, watch (D. 144), protect, shelter (Prince, 212)
kor?- korumak (DLT, III, 263), koru- id. (KBI., 272)
I relate these words to the obvious:
kara=to look
kOr = to see
kOz = eye
The word comes from "being a lookout" e.g. standing guard. And I realate
"guard" to the same root, and is likely from Etruscan.
neme=ne kadar = how much, what
23. men II ich (D. 162)
men ben (EUSz. 129)
24. nammu what (is) it? (MSL, IV, 42)
neme ne kadar? DLT, III, 38) ne? (DLT, III, 214)
thing
25. nig thing (Grd. 394), nig whatsoever (MSL, III, 69)
nen nesne, s,ey, mal (DLT, I, 126; KBI., 328)
everything, whatever
26. nigname whatever (MSL, IV, 30) (bk. Yk. 21, 22)
nenmenin hers,ey, her ne ise (Mk. E. 199)
saG=healthy, right, good, clean, pure
27. sag gut (MSL, III, 127)
sag sag(, that, iyi, temiz, halis; sag(, sag(lam (DLT, III, 154, 159)
a large container for storing wine
28. sa?ar a sort of vessel (D. 175)
sag?r içerisine s,arap konulan, havana benzer söbü bir kap(DLT, I, 406)
However, this word is related to the root above e.g. tek/tOk (to pour).
We have the words tegene, tegen, tekne (vat, tub), and we have the doublet
tegen saxan (KBal), and saxan refers to a large tray.
to give, to offer, to reach out with something as a sign of offering
29. sig dünn (MSL. III, 148)
s?g shallow; shoal (Rd. 1010), s?ga s?g( (YTSz. 1857)
30. sum geben (D. 178), to give (MSL, IV, 38)
sun- sunmak, uzatmak (KBI., 409)
to hang, to be tied
31. tag (I-12) fangen, jagen (D. 203-204)
daga- to follow, accompany, travel with; to submit oneself to obey; to
imitate& (Lessing 216)
32. ta? hinzufüen (MSL, III, 123)
tak- takmak (DLT, II, 16, 17), takmak, bag(lanmak EUSz. 221)
to touch, to reach
33. te(ga) to attain, to reach, to touch upon (Grd. 418), tag to
touch (Grd. 416)
teg- deg(mek, dokunmak, ulas,mak (KBI., 431
)related to the famous set of ti-words, tiri=alive, etc.
34. tibira mental (Falkenstein, 17)
temir demir (EUSz. 233)
35. tin Leben (MSL, III, 141)
t?n ruh, nefes, soluk (KBI., 441)
to close, to stop up, to cover
36. tu eintreten (MSL, III, 113), to enter (Grd. 420)
tu- kapatmak, t?kamak, kaplamak (KBI., 465)
37. tuku weben, Kleid (D. 207)
toku- 1. dokumak (EUSz. 245)
38. tuku schütteln, wanken (D. 207)
toku- 2. vurmak (EUSz. 245), tok?- vurmak, dövmek, ezmek,
tokmaklamak (EUSz. 244)
to beat, to hit, to crush e.g. tokmak (mallet)
uyku=sleep
39. tuku7 V, 7, verfolgen, jagen (D. 207)
daga- to follow, accompany, travel with& (Lessing, 216)
40. u Schlaf (MSL, III, 675, u, Schlaf, ruhen (D. 99)
u uyku (EUSz. 262; DLT, III, 247)
uyu = to sleep
on=ten
41. u Zehn (D. 98, 1 u. A. 1))
on on EUSz. 141; DLT, I, 49)
42. ubur weibliche Brust (MSL, II, 145; D. 102), teats (Grd. 426;
Falkenstein, 26)
öbür breast, bosom, front, lap; part of the dress or coat covering the
breast; south, southern side of a mountain (Lessing. 628), krs,. kögüz id.
time, air, season
43. ud Zeit (D. 104), time (in general) (Grd. 425)
öd zaman, vakit, mevsim, hava (DLT, I, 44, II, 77); zaman, vakit
(KBI., 351)
service, duty, work, homework
44. udi sleep (MSL,III, 67); Schlafen (D. 100)
ud?- uyumak (EUSz. 262; DLT, I, 39)
45. umus, 2. Werk (D. 108, 111)
yumus, hizmet, vazife (KBI., 558); is,, hizmet, görev, ödev (YTSz. 252)
to reap, to hit, to cut
46. ur ernten, (Korn) schneiden (MSL, III, 146)
or- kesmek, biçmek, vurmak (DLT, I, 14)
us=akIl= intelligence
47. urgu lager (D. 111)
örgük sahtiyandan yap?lm?s, minder ve dös,ek (Muh. 55); örgin, örgün
taht (EUSz. 1520, örge tente pavillon PdC. 55)
48. uri jener Tag, ferner Tag (Falkenstein, 34)
uri+d (çf. ur?da, ur?du) before, formerly; in advance, before hand,
previous to (Lessing. 881)
49. us, Verstand (MSL, III, 111; D. 113, III. us3)
us ak?l (EUSz. 267), hay?r ve s,erri ay?rtedis, (DLT, I, 36)
e.g.
uslu = well-behaved, intelligent
Chuvash as, KBal es, etc. This is at the root of the infamous *awesta:d (alleged Iranian)
that was chewed for years on sci.lang, and at the root of usta, ustad, ustaz etc.
ish=work, job
50. us, Werk (D. 108, us4, 3)
is, is, (EUSz. 99; DLT, II, 166), is, id.
51. zag right side (MSL, III, 85) (D. 115, I zag)
sag sag( taraf (TTSz. V, 3240), right, the right hand side (Rd. 972)
52. zibin insekt (D. 120)
çibin sinek (Muh. 25; Idr. 29); çubun sinek (KBI., 129)
--
Mark Hubey
hubeyh@...
http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey
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-- Mark Hubey hubeyh@... http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey