> Nú græðir Þórir svo mikið að hann kaupir sér land er að
> Vatni heitir upp frá Norðurtungu.

> Now Thorir grew so rich that he buys himself land is named
> Vatni upp beyond North-tongue.

> Now Þórir makes-(it)-grow (ie he prospers, groeða, Z1) so
> much that he buys for himself land which is-called (at)
> Vatn (Water, Lake) up beyond Norðurtunga (North-Tongue).

Now Þóri makes so much money that he buys himself land, that
is called (at) Vatn, above [‘up from’] Norðrtunga.

> Og fá vetur hafði hann búið áður hann gerðist svo mikill
> auðmaður að hann átti undir vel hverjum manni stórfé.

> And when winter had come, he lived previously he became so
> much a rich man that he had money lent out to well every
> man a lot of money.

> And he had resided (there) a few winters before he became
> so great a man-of-wealth that he to-a-large-extent had
> great-wealth (out at interest) in the hands of each person
> (man) (eiga, e-t undir e-m, Z10).

And he had lived there few years before he became so great a
wealthy man that he had much money out at interest to
everyone.

> En þó að honum græddist fé mikið þá héldust þó óvinsældir
> hans því að varla var til óþokkasælli maður en
> Hænsna-Þórir var.

> But although he increased much in wealth, then his
> unpopularity remained because it was scarcely to an
> unpopular man that Haensna-Thorir was.

> But even though great wealth increased for him (ie he made
> a lot of money, groeðast, Z3), (then) his unpopularity
> (úvinsæld) continued because scarcely existed (vera til) a
> more-unpopular (comparative of úþokkasæll ?) person (man)
> than Hoensna (Hens)-Þórir was.

But although he made much money, his unpopularity yet
continued, for there was hardly a man so unpopular as
Hœnsa-Þóri was.

> Einn dag gerir Þórir heiman ferð sína og ríður í
> Norðurtungu og hitti Arngrím goða og bauð honum
> barnfóstur: "Vil eg taka við Helga syni þínum og geyma sem
> eg kann en eg vil hafa vináttu þína í mót og fylgi til
> þess að eg nái réttu af mönnum."

> One day Thorir makes his journey from home and rides to
> North-tongue and met Chieftain Arngrim and offered to
> foster a child (of Arngrim's): "I want to receive Helgi
> your son and mind as I can that I will have your
> friendship in return and following that I would get right
> from people."

> One day Þórir makes his journey from-home and rides to
> North-Tunga and meets Arngrímr goði (Priest-Chieftain) and
> offers fostering-of-a-child for him. “I want to receive
> (take under my wing) Helgi your son and keep (him) as I
> am-able but I want to have your friendship in return and
> (it) follows to this (ie wish the upshot being) that I
> obtain justly (rightly) from  (ie am treated fairly by)
> people (men).

One day Þóri makes his way from home and rides to Norðrtunga
and meets Arngrím goði an offers him fostering of a child. ‘I will
take in your son Helgi and look after him as well as I can,
but I want your friendship in return, and support to that
end, that I get my rights from people.’

<Fylgi> is the neuter noun 'following, support'.

> Arngrímur svarar: "Svo líst mér sem lítill höfuðburður
> muni mér að þessu barnfóstri."

> Arngrimr answers: "It so seems to me (there) would be
> little prestige to me for this fostering of a child."

> Arngrímr answers: “Thus (it) seems to me as (there) will
> (be) little (honour) to me from this
> fostering-of-a-child.”

Arngrím answers: ‘It seems to me that this fostering would
do me little honor.’

> Þórir svarar: "Eg vil gefa sveininum hálft fé mitt heldur
> en eg nái eigi barnfóstrinu en þú skalt rétta hluta minn
> og vera skyldur til við hvern sem eg á um."

> Thorir answers: "I will give the boy half my wealthy
> rather than I would not get the fostering of the child,
> and you shall raise my lot and be obliged to with who as
> at concerning (??).

> Þórir answers: “I want to give to the boy half my wealth
> rather than I not obtain fostering-of-the-child but (and)
> you shall put-right (raise) my situation (standing)
> (rétta, Z5) and (shall) be obliged (bounden) to (me)
> whomsoever I have to deal with (eiga um við e-n, Z10).”

Þóri answers: ‘I will give the boy half my wealth, rather
than that I not get the fostering, and you shall set right
my situation, and be obligated thereto, with anyone whom I
have to do with.’

> Arngrímur svarar: "Það ætla eg mála sannast að neita eigi
> því er svo er vel boðið."

> Arngrimr answers: "I intend that (the) matter is proven to
> not deny that which is so well offered."

> Arngrímr answers: “I think that most proper (sannr, Z2) to
> not say-no-to (neita) (the) agreement (mál, Z10) because
> (it) is well offered.”

Arngrím answers: ‘I think it the most proper of arrangements
not to refuse that which thus is well offered.’

Not 'because': <því> is the (dative) object of <neita>.

> Fór þá Helgi heim með Þóri og heitir þar nú síðan bærinn
> að Helgavatni.

> Then Helgi went home with Thorir and the town there is now
> since named Helgi-water.

> Then Helgi journeyed home with Þórir and the-farm there
> (ie that place) is now called after-that (hence) (at)
> Helgavatn (Helgi’s-Water (Lake).

Then Helgi went home with Þóri, and ever since the farm
there is now called (at) Helgavatn.

> Arngrímur veitti Þóri umsjá og þykir þegar ódælla við hann
> og nær hann nú réttu máli af hverjum manni.

> Arngrimr gives Thori care and thinks at once difficult
> with him and he proves now deny the case of each man. (??)

> Arngrímr grants to Þórir oversight (care, supervision) and
> (it) seems at-once quarrelsome with him (?) and he obtains
> now just speech (agreement?) from each person (man).

Arngrím gave Þóri support, and it seems at once [even more]
difficult to deal with him [= Þóri], and he now gets [his]
due from everyone.

The exact sense of <mál> in <rétt mál> isn’t entirely clear
to me; what is clear is that he’s now getting whatever he
thinks is properly owed him. One sense of <mál> is
'arrangement'; ‘just arrangement’ is a bit clumsy, but it
might do for a relatively literal translation.

> Græðist honum nú stórmikið fé og gerist hinn mesti
> auðmaður.

> He becomes now very wealthy and he becomes the most
> wealthy man.

> Now very-great (immense) wealth increases for him and he
> becomes (the) greatest man-of-wealth.

He now makes a great deal of money and becomes a very rich
man.

> Hélst honum enn óvinsældin.

> He is still considered unpopular.

> The unpopularity still continued for him.

The unpopularity still continued for him.

> Það var eitt sumar að skip kom af hafi í Borgarfjörð og
> lögðu þeir eigi inn í ósinn en lögðu utarlega á höfnina.

> It was one summer that a ship came from (the) sea to
> Borgarfiord, and they didn't sail in to the estuary, but
> they sailed near to the harbor.

> That was one summer that a ship came from (the) sea into
> Borgarfjörðr and they sailed (laid) not inside in
> the-estuary but laid (parked) more-outwardly (ie further
> out) in the-harbour.

It was one summer that a ship came from the sea into
Borgarfjörð, and they did not lie at anchor in at the river
mouth, but lay at anchor far out in the harbor.

> Örn hét stýrimaður.

> (The) captain was named Orn.

> (The) captain was-called Örn.

The skipper was called Örn.

> Hann var vinsæll maður og hinn besti kaupdrengur.

> He was a popular man and the best trader.

> He was a popular person (man) and the best merchant.

He was a popular man and an excellent merchant.

> Oddur frétti skipkomuna.

> Oddr heard about the arrival of the ship.

> Oddr gained-intelligence of the-ship’s-coming.

Odd heard of the ship’s arrival.

> Hann var vanur í fyrra lagi í kaupstefnur að koma og
> leggja lag á varning manna því að hann hafði héraðsstjórn.

> He was accustomed to come rather early to the market and
> regulate the market price because he maintained (the)
> district government. (Z. lag 9) (Z. lag 6)

> He was accustomed to come among-the-earliest to markets
> and to place a price on wares of people (men) (ie set the
> market price, lag, Z6) because he had
> government-of-the-district.

He was accustomed to be among the earliest to come to
markets and to set the prices of folks’ wares, for he had
governance of the district.

> Þótti engum dælt fyrr að kaupa en vissi hvað hann vildi að
> gera.

> It seemed to no one easy previously to buy than knew what
> he wanted to do.

> (It) seemed easy to deal with no-one before (fyrr…en)
> (they) knew what he wanted to do.

No one thought it advisable to trade before he knew what he
wanted to do.

> Nú hittir hann kaupmenn og fréttir eftir hversu þeir ætla
> sína ferð eða hve skjótar sölur þeir vildu hafa og sagði
> þann vanda að hann legði lag á varning manna.

> Now he meets merchants and inquires about how they intend
> their trip or how quick their sale would have and (he)
> told them that he regulated the market price.

> Now he meets (the) merchants and hears after (that) how
> the intend for their journey and how they wanted to have
> quick sales and said that custom that he placed a price on
> the wares of people (men) (ie set the market price)

Now he meets the merchants and asks how they intend their
voyage [i.e., what plans they have for it], and how quick
sales they wanted to have [i.e., how soon they wanted to
sell their wares], and told [them] the custom, that he set
the prices of folks’ wares.

<Fréttir eftir> 'asks about'.

Brian