After explaining these animals to us, and how his folk are called
after them, and also after their young, we ask again about the one
that flew over across our path, noting that this one was
flying. 'Fogl?', Dali asks, 'Yes, there are many kinds of Fogl, and
my folk are not only called Fogl, but also': Valr, Throstr(hooked-o),
Orri, Orn(hooked-o), Krakr(long-a), Gosi(long, hooked-o), Gaukr, Hrokr
(long-o), Hrafn, Hegri, Helsingr, Haukr, Hani, Ari, Svanr, Skarfr,
Sporr(hooked-o), Blaeingr, Mor(long, hokked-o). Her all from West
Norse sources but Orri, which is from a Swedish inscription (uri) but
attested as a nickname in West Norse sources, Hegri (late Swedish),
Sporr (Swedish runic inscription). Falcon(later also Falki), a
foreign hawk literally. Gosi several times in Norwegian inscriptions.
Helsingr once in Snorri's kings' sagas about a son of king Gandalfr
in Vingulmork (where Oslo is). Also Hani from Swedish inscriptions.
Ari and Orn alternative stems for the same bird. Blaeingr, the black
one, is the raven. Many scholars debate the ON name Hrokr (long-o),
trying to relate it to things about which there is no agreement. It
also is the ON word for the rook, so I but the name here. It seems
that a man could be called after any bird of the wood found locally,
or of the sea (about which more when we look at suffixing). Attested
feminines are: Rjupa(long-u), Ond(hooked-o), which is the same word
as Ond, spirit, but here a duck, Kraka(long-a, female raven, compare
Krakr), Hoena (Swedish, but compare the suffix in attested West Norse
Lofthoena, and Hani), Hrefna, *Ertla (my own reconstruction, a
feminine bird-name), Arna (from weak masc. Arni from Orn), Erna (the
old jo-stem from PN *arnijo, female eagle), Svana, Svala, Maeva
(feminine jo-stem from masc. mor < *mai(h)waz), and *Yrna (from the
ON word for a female Orri, only preserved in New Norwegian). Missing
names here, especially feminines. Let me add the animal-femines Birna
and Bera, from alternate stems, like Orn and Ari, here female bear.
Another goor reconstructed female name is *Aer, the female sheep,
about which compare the mascs. Vedr and Hrutr, and *Kviga(long-a, a
young cow, compare masc. Kvigr, a young bull). Also, beside *Yrmsla
we can get *Nadra (compare masc. Nadr) - women were called things
like Ormhildr also. Add attested fem. Torfa beside Torfi and Moldi
under earth-related names, and Eyja (from neut. ey) to the abstract
feminine names. After giving his talk on animals and birds, and how
his folk are named after them, Dali leads us back the yule-meeting,
where our host Lokarr greets us, and learns about our talk with Dali.
Lokarr is amused at how little we know, but understands that we do
not belong to his culture or folk, and praises us for our interest.
After hearing from us what we have learned about his folks names, he
explains that his tung varies these names in many ways, forming new
names out of them, and hold a short talk on suffixes, our next
topic. -Konrad