From: Patricia
Message: 7358
Date: 2006-10-16
Ah'm no fashed - ah'll dree ma weird
I am not worried I will conform to what fate has in store
Ah'll aye gang ma ain gait
I shall always go my own way
I was given these two for you then she thought of
Ach he's naethin' at all ah've aye takken a skunner tae 'im
Oh he's nothing ( ?? nithing) at all I have always disliked him
I find it is not the best to do - to hand you guys the problems - best to do a little
Research myself - over a cup of tea of course
Kveðja
Patricia
aka Frakin' Perfessor Higgins - youse !!
PS My Subject is as Glasgow as they are made !!
-------Original Message-------
> --- "Patricia" wrote:<eysteinn@.. .> wrote: > Absolutely. I once came across an online list of ON wordsWell, here's one: Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch by George Tobias Flom http://www.gutenber g.org/etext/ 14604 http://www.gutenber g.org/files/ 14604/14604- 0.txt Interesting to see a couple of examples of /ld/ for /ll/ (as in the Orkney examples), `fald' = ON `falla' "to fall"; `hammald' "domestic" = ON `heimöll', `heimill' "entitled, having a right to something, having at one's disposal". From the form of the word, at least, Scots `bairn' could just as well have come from Old English as Old Norse. This would be the regular development from either; compare Scots `airm' = Standard English `arm'. The OE cognate occurs in Beowulf, for example, where it's not likely to be a loanword (at least if the theories about an early date are right). That said, the OED does speculate that the survival of the word in the north might have been due to Scandinavian influence, whether this was a matter of stopping the word from dying out or actually reintroducing it. There are quite a few more words if similar uncertain status. Sometimes the meaning might be a clue when the form isn't clear, e.g. Scots `dree' = ON `drýgja' "perform, carry our, practice; lengthen, eke out", but the OE cognate `dréogan' "perform, commit; endure, suffer". "luve keeps nae nickstick (=tally) o the wrangs it drees" (Corinthians 13:5 in Lorimer's New Testament). I've seen a few online lists of Norse loans special to in Scots English, beside the link above, but not all of them very reliable! As Flom points out, the problem is complicated further by the fact that the northern (Northumbrian) dialect of Old English is poorly attested compared to the south-western (West Saxon), and because Northumbrian often agrees with ON in precisely those ways in which it differs from other dialects of OE. Some of these differences can be seen even in the earliest Northumbrian texts, and therefore predate Viking Age influence, e.g. the use of `til' in place of the southern `tó' "to" (examples in Cædmon's hymn and the Ruthwell Cross inscription) , although `til' takes dative in Northumbrian OE, rather than genitive as in ON. Some other similarities have been obscured over time by the loss of unstressed syllables in English, e.g. the loss of final `n' in certain inflections: Old Northumbrian `kwomu' "they stood" (Ruthwell Cross), ON `kvámu', `kómu', West Saxon `c(w)ómon'. Flom even questions the decisiveness of the use of /k/ and /g/ and /sk/ in place of southerly /tS/, /dZ/ and /S/ as a guide to Norse influence (e.g. `lig' for Standard English `lie', `brig' for `bridge', etc.); since Old English spelling didn't distinguish between palatalised and non-palatalised variants of these sounds, and so we can't be sure that the northern dialects ever went as far with palatalisation as the southern dialects did; it's usually only in Middle English times that the difference shows up. Some quotes from Lorimer's Scots New Testament: "hailsed them frae a lang gate awa" (`hailse' = ON `heilsa' "greet"; `gate' = ON `gata' "way"). Greeted them from a long way away. "Bi faith the Israelites gaed throu the Reid Sea as gin as if war biggit laund" (ON `byggt land'). By faith the Israelites walked through the Red Sea as if it was inhabited land. "the place caa'd the Hairn-Pan" (brain-pan = ON `hjarnskál' "skull", `hjarni' "brain", i.e. Golgotha). Not sure at what stage the vowel would be at when it was borrowed, `ja' < `ea' < `e'. Here are some more possible loanwords collected from the texts in Graham Trulloch's A history of the Scots Bible: faa = fá "get, obtain" fe = `fé' "sheep" (but not necessarily a loan, since OE feoh > `fee' had a similar range of meaning: cattle, wealth) gar = gørva, gera "do, make" hag = höggva "hew, hack" nowte = naut "cattle" (the OE cognate `néat' survived in other dialects) ryss "branch" = hrís "branch" (but also attested in OE in a compound, so maybe native) speir = spyrja "ask" thrang "busy" = þröngr "narrow, close, tight; thronged, busy" (also borrowed into Scots Gaelic as `trang') tint = týnt "lost" `lisk', `lesk' "groin" may be a Scandinavian loan (Da. lyske, Sw. ljumske < MSw. ljuske), but the OED entry is mistaken in its claim that this couldn't be from a hypothetical OE `léosca' (cf. Campbell: Old English Grammar § 440); no palatalisation occurred when a back vowel followed in Proto Old English, hence MnE `ask', etc. MDu. liesche, f., Du. lies, f. Lots of nice old words in the Border Ballads too [ http://www.borderba llads.gallowayfo lk.co.uk/ ballad.htm ], "We shall hym borowe" (Adam Bell) = we shall save him, cf. ON bjarga, OE beorgan. There are even some matches in specialised poetic vocabulary, although here too loanwords can't always be told apart from native survivals. ON `brandr', OE `brand' "sword." "the sword that's of the mettle brown" (Hughie the Graeme); "my bonny brown sword" (Cospatrick) . ON `brúnn' "brown" could also mean bright of metal: "beit ... brún ... egg" (Hrafnsmál). In Beowulf a knife is described as `brád ond brúnecg' "broad and bright-edged. " There, I hope that was worth the wait! LN | |||
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