Iel Kånnroðär,

> Haill Sjurd.
>
> --- In norse_course@yahoogroups.com, "sjuler" <sjuler@...> wrote:
> > "hin mangu mál swíþiauþar"
> >
> > The u ending in 'mangu' is quite interesting here. We still see
> this archaism in Modern Dalska:
> >
> > "Ollû mol sos irå täläðû ô Aislande ir iett!"
> > "All langauges which are spoken on Iceland is one!"
>
> I was having fun with Gutnish words above. More rightly, I should
> have either 'hin mang mál swíþiauþar' or an older 'hin mangu málu
> swíþiauþaR'. The reason are 1) 'allr' never declines weak, as the
> final -u suggests where no -u follows 'mál', and 2) final -u most
> likely fell from 'mangu' at the same time it fell from 'mál', or
> nearly so. In Dalska, the final -û in 'ollû' given above is hardly
> likely to have lived from the wiking time unto this day.

Old Swedish had the u ending for some time, I am sure (in pronouns
but not in nouns - I'll look this up in a reference though to give
examples). And Dalska is to a large extent preserved 14th century
Swedish. Thus, the u ending is likely to be preserved in Dalska.

Had it

> lived all the while, one would be looking to see 'molû' as well,
> following the spelling above.

No, not necessarily. E.g. in Swedish the -r ending is not preserved
for nouns (bátr > båt; hestr > häst etc) but it is for verbs in the
present tense (brýtr > bryter etc). Similarly, in Dalska (and Old
Swedish), the 'u' ending may be preserved for some word classes, and
dropped for some.


Truely, Dalska has either learned of

> new to pick up olden sounds once fallen from or grown in new ways.
> To the best of my knowledge, no tongue of Sandinaujô kept final -u
> is such steads beyond the early wiking time.

Swedish did (I give real examples later when I have accessed my
references), and Dalska surely did. I am sorry that Icelandic is too
modern to have kept it, but we see it in the umlauts: allir-allar-
öll; barn(sg)-börn(pl) etc.

>
> > Note that the u ending is nasalized: û.
>
> If so, then the ending could hardly have lived from the wiking

time,

> as the tongues of that time had this -u from earier Germanic *-ô.

No

> nasal followed the *-ô, either in First-Germanic or in First-Norse.
> A new growth has taken place in Dalska here.

OK, my etymology was incorect; no -un, -ung or -um then. But we know
that Dalska did keep much of the nasal system: 'ô' (<ana, Ice.
á), 'tûor' (compare to Ger. 'Donner', Ice. 'þórr'), 'gôs'
(Ger. 'Gans', Ice. 'gás') etc. Of course, people speaking Dalska
couldn't have known if the etymology has a nasal consonant or not. In
Viking age Dalska, both 'u' in 'allu' and 'á' is 'gás' were nasal
withoutthe presence of a nasal consonant, so these vowels should both
be denasalized or kept nasalized (and they did).

>
> > It should be noted that in Dalska, 'a' before 'll' has become a
> short version of a 'á' (similar to that some Icelanders
> write 'lángur' instead of 'langur'). If writing Dalska with a
> standardized spelling, one would thus get (using 'h' to denote
> nasalization - remember that Dalska has lost the h sound and that
> the nasalization reveals that an n is lost - which graphically

looks

> like h!):
>
> Vowels were lengthened widely in West Norse before L in many steads
> in the 11th and 12th christian ages. Thus it is that folk sayeth on
> olden skins 'skáld'.

Another Dalska example: 'hallda' > 'ollda' (stand. spell. 'állda') -
a > o before 'll'. In Swedish one has 'hålla', and I think Icelandic
has 'halda' (English 'hold').
Remember that 'ld' in at least Northern Scandinavian really is
pronunced 'lld', since 'ld' suggest a "thick" l (which is not the
case). That's why most Swedish dialects - including Swedish itself -
made the simplification 'lld' > 'll' This is similar to the Proto-
Norse evolution 'lð' > 'll' as in 'gulð' > 'gull' (Ger., Eng. 'gold').

>
> > "Álluh mál sos éru tælæþuh áh Íslande ér eett!"
>
> Suá hæfir þat uerit frá þuí Ingólfr bygþi suþr í Ræykjaruík.

So av eð werið frô dyö Ingguov byggde syöðer (?) i Rätsjwaik.

(Note that 'lf' > 'v' in Dalska: 'hálfr' > 'åv'; 'gólf' > 'guov' etc)

>
> Kuæþja,
> Konráþr.
>
>
>

Kweða,
Siurð

> > Sklär,
> > Sjurd
>
> > --- In norse_course@yahoogroups.com, "konrad_oddsson"
> > <konrad_oddsson@...> wrote:
> > > hin mangu mál swíþiauþar:
> > > The many tongues of Sweden:
> > >
> > > http://ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Sweden
> > >
> > > Swedish: 93%
> > > Dalska (first on list): 1,500 speakers
> > > Gutniska (listed under Swedish): 5,000 + 10,000 othertongue
> > speakers)
> > >
> > > Gutniskir laikar (Gotneskir leikar/Gotneskar íþróttir):
> > >
> > > http://www.gotland.net/stangaspelen/gutnlek.htm
> > >
> > > Góþar farþir (Gutniska) (bare in mind: middle þ always = ð)
> > > Góðar ferðir (Íslenzka)
> > >
> > > Konráðr