---In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, <octavianoaf24@...> wrote :>
> > One suggestion is an intensive reduplication of the root of *h1ék^wo- 'horse' (i.e. 'swift' or 'running animal'), namely *h1o-h1k^u-. If this connection is rejected, the root could be in normal grade, *h1oh3k^u-.
>
There're other 'horse' words which show an *opposite* semantic shift, namely 'horse' > 'running animal' > 'to run', as in Germanic *xurs-a-/*xruss-a- vs. IE *kr̥s- 'to run' > Celtic *karso-, Latin currus 'wagon'. So in a rather literal sense, the horse goes before the cart.
> > The great difference between *h2/4akW- and *h1oh1/3k^u-
>
Leaving aside the misreprentation of "laryngeals", the only significant different is between *kʷ and *k^.
>
Of course, I acually meant k^u.
> > makes it extremely implausible that they are different forms of the same root, one inherited by "standard" PIE, the other borrowed into the "standard" dialect from some other dialect of PIE. Anyone proposing such a thing has the very difficult task of identifying a large enough body of doublets in the PIE rootstock to establish the soundlaws connecting the "standard" dialect with the presumed other one. Not only must you find needles in all the haystacks on the farm, but you must also show that each needle forms a matched pair with some other needle. Not a very promising project!
>
This is a strawman argument.
>
In my opinion, the std "flat" PIE theory can only survive in a strictly isolacionist framework, i.e. one which disregards data from other language families. As I pointed out before, there's also a *racist* flavour which precognizes the supremacy of IE over other families and so it posits loanwords from (P)IE but not the other way around.