Re: apple

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Tavi" <oalexandre@...> wrote:

>
> IMHO Hittite s^- in s^am(a)lu- 'apple' would be a consequence of
> Fournet's Law.
>
> The Hittite word should be analyzed as a prefix *?\a- plus a root
> *mh\alV corresponding to NEC *mh\alV- ~ *mh\anV-
> <http://newstar.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=/data/ca\
> uc/caucet&text_number=+111&root=config> 'warm'. This laryngeal
> fricative would cause the preceding *m to be denasalized in *?\a-mh\alV
> > *abol- 'apple'. And the variant *?\a-mh\anV would be reflected in
> Uralic *omena 'apple'.
>

I'm assuming traditional PIE *h3 is a voiced pharyngeal fricative ?\, as suggested by some authors.

> *sam-/*sºm-ro- 'summer' ~ *h2e:m-ºr- '(heat of the) day' (Greek he:méra, Armenian awr 'day')
>

This corresponds to Semitic *X\amm- 'to be hot; warm'
 
Also Latin si:mius 'monkey, imitator' < *seim- can be linked to ima:go 'image' and aemulus 'imitator; enemy, rival' < *h2eim-.

> By contrast, when *s- derives from a palatal sibilant like the one
> proposed by Gamkrelidze-Ivanov, it corresponds to traditional PIE *y-:
>
> *sa(n)k- 'to sanctify' (Latin sacer, sanctus) ~ *yag^- 'to honour, to
> worship' (Greek hágios, etc.)
>

Altaic *tHákHì 'ceremony, sacrifice', NEC *=@qE 'to rise, to be high' (victimes were raised over the altar in sacrifices).

> *sah2-n- 'healthy' (Latin sa:nus) ~ *yak- 'to cure' (Greek ákos)
>

Altaic *sè:gù 'healthy; blood', Latin sanguis 'blood' (with prenasalization), NEC *ts\'a:tK\wV 'blood; life' (NEC lateral affricates are roughly similar to traditional PIE "palato-velars").

There's also *sem- 'one, the same' (Latin similis) vs. *yem- 'twin' (Sanskrit yamá-).

Thus we've got 3 different "Alexandre's Laws":

1) *?\ (*h3 in traditional PIE) > *s-
2) *X\ (*h2 in traditional PIE) > *s-
3) A palatal affricate (*y in traditional PIE) > *s-.

1) and 2) correspond to post-velar fricatives and 3) to dorso-palatals.