>e.g., the csikos in Hungary
The tchicosh herdsmen chiefly dealing with horses (and cattle).
Shepherds are called different: juhász [yoo-hahs] (from juh
"sheep").
>and the cioban or pÄcurar in Romania
Many of Hungary's juhász were... Romanians. The (Iranian-Turkic)
term cioban (choban) might have spread in the Romanian language
gradually, replacing the Romance päcurar (from pecus, pecoris),
that has been better preserved in Transylvania, Banat and in the
Aromanian (picurar) and Istrian-Romanian dialects.
>The unique professonal status and separateness of the ciobani
>might indicate a separate ethnic origin.
In medieval up to modern times (18th-19th-20th c.), in an area
consisting of Moravia, Slovakia, Southern Poland, Carpathian
Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro,
Bulgaria, Greece, many or most of shepherds' language was (and
still is) Romanian. Hence, for instance, a Moravian region in
the Beskid mountains is called Vlashske ("Walachia"). And some
specific Romanian shepherd vocabulary is spread as loanwords in
such languages. E.g. the Romanian word for "cheese" brânzä: in
Slovakian bryndza and in Hungary brenze (a curious phenomenon:
the Hungarian population of Romania does not know this Hungarian
loanword; it knows the original one, brânzä, due to the simple
fact that they speak Romanian, whereas their brethren in Pannonia
use brenze as a loanword from the shepherd vocabulary there).
But the Scythian-Turkic herdspeople and shepherd warriors who
led various invasions of Europe had been different kinds of
populations.
George