--- Piotr Gasiorowski <
gpiotr@...> wrote:
> On 2007-03-16 00:54, tgpedersen wrote:
>
> >> Then if Olsen is right (as I think she is) about
> the "preaspirating"
> >> effect of *h2 and *h1, they belong to the same
> natural class
> >> (presumably of fricatives, since *h2 was quite
> clearly a fricative).
> >
> > Examples?
>
> *-tl/rom, *-tl/rah2 > *-tHl/rom, *-tHl/rah2 after
> consonantal *h2 and
> *h1, e.g. *páh2-tHlom > Lat. pa:bulum, *sjuh1-tHláh2
> > Lat. su:bula, but
> *póh3-tlom > Lat. po:culum. Then Lat. -idus <
> *-etHo- < *-e-h1- + -to-,
> Gk. ple^:tHos, ple:tHú:s, lat. ple:bs <
> *pleh1-tH(u/w)-. Then cases like
> Skt. ti:rtHa- 'passage', Lith. ti`ltas 'bridge' <
> *tl.h2-tHo-.
These are not from PIE but the result of similar
changes in a few branches. Even Iranian and Indic
aren't exactly the same. H3 (xW) can cause this, too
(* pYròxW >> prathamá-).
In some languages both the x() before and C
following are important:
Latin t>tH / xY(+syl) _ r
* t.èr.-xY-tró+ > terebra
* kYrìxYtró+ > cri:brum
However, -idus is not from *-e-h1- + -to-. There's
no reason for the h1 to disappear and there are
cognates in other languages (where there's no tH>d).
I even say that tH > T > f > v > b between e and o.
The descriptions of the restrictions on dH > b are
based on a faulty understanding of the data and
without consideration of earlier sound changes that in
some cases can turn dH > d (more later).
Also, ple^:thos is from * pYl,xYdYhós. The Armenian
cognate is z^oLovurd < * ghdm,xLo + pYl,xYdYhós.
Latin changes final consonants to +front (long in dif.
conditions than short) after y or CY such as *xakYma:x
> *akya: > acie:s and *balYos > -bilis (as Greek a>e
in bélteros). Latin turns C, > eC or Ce between two
CY in a syl. (as *xYr,xYmos > re:mos), sim. to
*pn,tkWus > *kWn,kWtus > *kWonkWtus > cu:nctus.
There are many similar changes to V and C, by
certain CY in Latin and Greek (and Celt. and Arm.),
formerly unexplained.
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