--- Sean Whalen <
stlatos@...> wrote:
> account for *tem-x-kós > témakhos 'slice'
>
> Some other diminutives which come to have the stem
> end in -a- from other sounds also take -khos by
> analogy (mónakhos).
>
> Therefore, kógkhos may come from a dim. formed
> from
> *kón-x-mós 'bent part of the leg' which would show
> 'little bent thing > spiral shell' (in PIE?).
This has to do with the rules for forming dim. with
kó+ and Ló+ in late PIE. The main rules are:
a > 0 / []_[dim]
y/w > 0 / C_[dim]
y/w/R/N > 0 / i/u/C+syl_[dim] (repeat)
Dim. from i/u-stems usually restore the i/u if they
were ever affected by the first rule. The next two
probably aren't from sound changes, but just an
attempt to regularize forms that had very unusual
alternations in the norm and dim. forms.
This means that *xWoikós wasn't an alternate for
*xWoinós formed with a different suffix. It was
actually the diminutive 'little alone thing, all
alone, etc.' *xWoikós also gained a more regularized
form *xWoine/akós later.
*xWoinós 'alone > only, one, etc.' >>
*xWoikós 'all alone, etc.'
*kón-x-mós 'bent part (of the leg)' >>
*kón-x-kós 'little bent thing > spiral shell'
*tem-x-nós 'cut' >>
*tem-x-kós/Lós 'slice'
*tem-!n.ós 'dark' >>
*tem-!kós 'dim, little dark one'
*mY(e)n-wós 'small' >>
*mY(a)N-kós 'little small one, very small'
*pYaL-x-wós 'grey' or *pYeL- >>
*pYaL-x-kós 'little grey one, dark, mouse'
*kaul(y)ós 'shaft/stalk/stick' >>
*kaukós
*d.(e)rusd.(y)ós 'thrush' >>
*d.(e)rusd.Lós
There was also metathesis if a sonorant followed an
obstruent (not only when adding dim.).
*pYu-tós 'short one' >>
*pYut-Lós 'short/small/young (one)' >>
*pYuLt-Lós 'little small one, very small' or
*pYuLt-kós
*bYhud-nós 'bottom' >>
*bYhùnd-n.óf 'burial'
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