Re: Balto-Slavic C-stems / long vowel endings

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:

>
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "mcarrasquer" <miguelc@> wrote:
> >
> > --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "mandicdavid" <davidmandic@>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > The 1sg. pres. ending -oH2 yielded acute -o: in Lithuanian

(later

> > > short -u). In Slavic, it turned into -a: and was later expanded
> > > with the secondary ending -m (cf. 1sg. aorist pekU < *pekwom,

and

> > > also skr. bhára:mi < *bhero:+mi). The addition of -m probably
> > > followed the change o: > a: in Slavic, because the o: yielded

u: >

> > > y before nasal stops in word-final position: kamy < *ka:mu: <
> > > *ak'mo:n. Also, -a:N# wasn't affected by umlaut (A.sg. zemljoN;
> > > thus also 1.sg. pres. bijoN etc.).
> >
> > Actually, the addition of -m must have followed the raising of

back

> > vowels before final nasals (or we would have gotten *-o:m > *-u:N
>
> > *-uN > -U), and preceeded the shortening of long diphtongs (or we
> > would have gotten -o:m > -a(m)).
>
>
> So you're saying it went *-oH2 > *-o: -> *-a:, + *-m > *-a:m -> *-aN
> -> *-oN?

Or *-oH2 > *-o: , + *-m > *-o:m -> *-aN -> *-oN

> Using the sandhi variant scheme, one could go instead
> *-ó/*-óN and leave it there, *-ó for oxytone neuters NAsg, *-óN for
> 1sg pres.

What have oxytone neuters to do with the verbal 1sg.?
The 1sg. did not have final -m in PIE, and it can't have had -m in
Balto-Slavic because that would have given Slavic -U, not -oN.

>
> > <Kamy> "stone" cannot come from *h2ák^mo:n, because that would

have

> > yielded <kamU>. In fact, it _does_ yield <kam> in I forget which
> > Slavic dialect (Kashubian?). The Slavic form, like Lith. <akmuõ>,
> > comes from PIE *h2ák^mõ, a variant with the final resonant

dropped

> > (only its falling tone remains).
>
> Variants? *-mo:n/*-moN?

No. -mo:n / -mõ. The tilde denotes circumflex accent, not
nasalization.

> > There is another Slavic variant (Northern Russian?) <kama>, which
> > may come from PIE *h2ák^mo:, also with /n/ dropped, but with

acute

> > tone, or from *h2ák^mo:n, with /n/ dropped in later (Balto-)

Slavic

> > times, but still before the N-raising. Another such variant may
> > underlie <vodá>, where we would have expected *wo(n)duõ (= Lith.
> > vanduõ) to have yielded *v(o)dy or the full form *wo(n)do:r >
> > *v(o)do(r) [I won't mention the fact that we would have expected
> > something other than /o/ in the first syllable].
>
> *wodó: (Goth. wato:) -> Lith. vanduõ with /n/ from the rule /-

VDV´/ ->

> /VnDhV´/, since voiced stops are prenasalized (not preglottalized,

as

> Kortlandt wants); the /n/ in this word is one of the few survivors

of

> paradigm regularization, which everywhere else replaced it with
> Winther lengthening (sez I).

vanduõ *has* Winter's law. The -an- diphthong is acute (Asg.
vándeniN). Cf. also Latv. ûdens with acute û-.

The -n- is from metathesis in the regular Gsg. *udnós > *undós (cf.
Latin unda "wave"). The "water" word had several morphophonemic
variants, which became confused in several languages. The NAsg. was
*wódr., G. *udnós (*undós with metathesis), L. *udéni. Besides that,
there was a collective *udó:r (or perhaps *wédo:r).

In Balto-Slavic, we find reflexes of *wódr., *udó:r and oblique *und-
en-. The /o/ in Slavic vodá (without Winter's lengthening) can only
come from *wódr., where Winter's law was blocked by the accent. The
ending -a: could be, as I said, from collective *-o:r with loss of -r
at some point. Lith. vanduõ combines the /o/ of *wódr. with the
oblique und-, which is seen in OPr. unds (m.) ~ wundan (n.), and with
the collecive ending -õ. There is another Lith. variant unduõ.

> Slavic vodá might be backformed as a
> singular (hence the mysterious f.) from the regular *vódy <-

*wódo:ns.

>
> I assume all the rules you supplied are for unstressed endings (they
> don't seem to include *-ó(N) -> *-ó of oxytone neuter NAsg)?

There is no such rule. Stress plays no part in the Slavic
Auslautgestze. The neuter ending -o comes from pronominal *-od. It
was first transferred to the adjectives (also Lith. neuter adj. -a),
then to nouns (not only oxytones: slo``vo is a.p. c, lê"to is a.p. a).