Retroflex Series in PIE 3
r, syllabic r
r. retroflex r
R voiceless r
E voiceless e
T voiceless interdental fricative
G voiced velar fricative
M voiced labiodental nasal fricative (v~)
Z voiced alveopalatal fricative
! voiced lateral fricative
In PIE:
g^hd!ès(i) yesterday, adv
g^hd!èsin.ós (during) yesterday, adj
g^hd!est.ós (during) yesterday, adj
In various languages t. became r. after s. This
created new sr. that didn't exist in PIE (sr. > str.
so most reconstructions with *sr should have fr.).
This cluster was handled differently even in dialects.
In Indo-Aryan t. > t after s just as t > t. after s.
etc.
Several languages have contamination with
g^hd!èsin.ós so g^hd!est.ós > g^hd!est.onós at some
point.
g^hd!est.ós
g^hdest.ós
g^hdesr.ós
g^hdestr.ós
g^hestr.ós
etc
hesternus Lat
g^hd!est.ós
g^hdZest.ós
g^hyest.ós
g^hyestós
etc
hyastana- Skt
g^hd!est.ós
g^hdZest.ós
g^hyest.ós
g^hyesr.ós
k^hyesr.ós
k^hyezr.ós
k^hyer.ós
etc
serós Elean Greek
g^hd!est.ós
g^hdest.ós
g^hdesr.ós
g^hdhesr.ós
k^hthesr.ós
k^hthEsr.ós
k^hthIsr.ós
k^hthisr.ós
k^hthizr.ós
k^hthizd.ós
etc
khthiz[d]ós Greek
g^hd!est.ós
g^hdest.ós
g^hdesr.ós
g^hesr.ós
etc
gizra- Proto-Germanic
gizra-
gira-
gir
giar
gyar
gya:r Proto-North Germanic
gizra-
gisra-
gistra- Proto-West Germanic
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