Retroflex Series in PIE 2
r, syllabic r
r. retroflex r
R voiceless r
T voiceless interdental fricative
G voiced velar fricative
M voiced labiodental nasal fricative (v~)
In Iranian a retroflex C before a glide
word-initially is changed as: # retroflex-C y/w >
# i/u retroflex-C y/w (and r was still retroflex
at this time).
t.yègWóf
t.yègWef- 'running away'
t.yajaz-
it.yajaz-
etc
iTyajah- 'danger' Av; tyaj- 'leave' Skt
In Iranian a retroflex C after a C word-internally
remained (and later s. > s^ etc. in most languages).
dhèmbhz.ó- 'wanting to harm'
dibz.a-
diBz^a- 'deceit' Av; da(m)bh- 'harm, deceive' Skt
wèbhz.ó- 'wanting to weave > wasp'
wòbhz.ó-
wabz.a-
wamz.a- (dissimilation)
etc
vanz^aka- Av; vamraka 'small ant' (brd. < Ir) Skt
wets.ús 'good'
wats.ús
vas.u
bas^ Kurd
In Indo-Aryan a syllabic retroflex before a
retroflex C lengthened. So n, > a~ > a and n,: > a:~
> a: but n.,: > a:n. (and nasal > M > w~ etc. before a
fricative).
mìmn,s.è 'wants to think, remember, etc.'
mìmn,s.e
mìmn.,s.e
mìmn.,:s.e
mìma:n.s.e
mìma:n.se
mìma:Mse
etc.
mima:~sa- Skt
In Indo-Aryan a syllabic x between retroflex C's is
lengthened.
p^èlx^,n.óf
p^èlx^,n.ef- 'fullness'
p^èr.x^,n.ef-
p^èr.x^,:n.ef-
párx,:nas-
pár&:nas-
pári:nas- Skt
In PIE the desiderative affix was -s. (and -z. after
voiced obstruents). It is usually reconstructed as
-h2s but no outcome of h2. > a is seen in any language
but in Celtic and Italic. Why would didh3-h2s- >
dits- in Skt not *diti:s.-? Why h3omh2.sos > óomos in
Gk not *ómaos? If retroflex C's existed it makes more
sense for 0>a between C and retroflex C in Celtic and
Italic (sim. to Ir. retroflex-C y/w > i/u retroflex-C
y/w word-initially). The lengthened V/C in Indo-Aryan
can be explained by the differing effects of s. vs s
on the preceding.
xWèms.ó-
xWòms.ó-
xWòmas.ó-
omaz.o-
umerus 'shoulder' Lat
xWèms.ó-
xWòms.ó-
ómzo-
óomo-
óomos 'shoulder' Gk
xWèms.ó-
xWòms.ó-
áms.a-
ámsa-
áMsa-
a~sa- 'shoulder' Skt
á é í ó ú à è ò ì ù È Ó
æ ø å ä ë ï ö ü ő ű
þ ð ç
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