Re: [tied] Latin tardus

Andrew Jarrette <anjarrette@...> wrote:

>
> (And could this
> account for cases of /a/ in Celtic as well (ref. my
> earlier question on the origin of Celtic /a/)?)

There are many changes that create a; which ones are
you thinking of?

____________

You caught me unprepared. Unfortunately I do not have the Welsh grammar nor the Old Irish material which caused me to ask questions about the origin of /a/ in Celtic, and I can only half-remember a Welsh <haddl> or similar meaning "seat" or "saddle" or some sitting-related meaning, which the author of the Welsh grammar derived from a *sEdlo- with subscript <e>, i.e. a reduced vowel or schwa secundum. Otherwise, I only have a general memory of words in Old Irish with <a> which corresponded to words in other languages with <e> or <o>. I don't have the proof however. I will try to find some and post them later.

Andrew
______________

I consulted one IE source to see if I could find any cases of IE *e > /a/ in Celtic. I found the following possibilities, but they are just possibilities, and they are rather few, admit of other etymologies, and come from a now-disreputable source (Stuart Mann's "Indo-European Dictionary"). However, they are what I based my memory of *e > /a/ in Celtic on:

MIr <braigim> "fart", <bracht> "breaking, reaping", Gmc *brekan (and Latin <frango:>)

Irish <dragh> "annoyance", <draghan> "resentment", OE <trega> "misery, pain", ON <tregr> "reluctant, unwilling", <tregi> "grief"

Irish <daigh> (beside <deigh>) "fire", IE *dhegWh-

MIr <dagar> "blast, pang, dart", Skt. <dahrah.> "forest fire"

Irish <gabhar> "goat", Welsh <gafr> "nanny-goat", ON <kjappi> "he-goat", OCS z^re^beN "foal", English <kipper> "salmon, type of fish (lit. "jumper")"

Welsh <garan> "crane", Greek <geranos>

Irish <gabhaim> "seize, hold, receive", Gmc *geban

OIr <gabul> "gibbet, fork" (< "tip"), Greek <kephale:> "head"

Welsh <celein, pl. calanedd> "corpse", OCS c^elnU "boat", Lith. kelmas "log, stump", Latv. k'elna "leg of a fowl"

Welsh <carw> "stag", Latin <cervus>

Welsh <carn> "downright, arrogant", Armenian <ser.n> "clear, plain"

Gaulish <lag-, lagit> "damp(ness)", ON <leka> "leak"

Irish <maige> "great", Greek <megas>

MIr. <ma:l> "noble" (Oghamic <maglus> "prince"), Gothich mikils "great"

Welsh <adar> "birds", OE feTer "feather"

Welsh <adan> "wing", Latin penna "wing", Greek petanos "fledged"

Irish <ladhar> "flat of the hand", Latv. <pleda> "flat barleycake"

OIr <raith> "fern, brake" beside Welsh <rhedyn> "id."

OIr <samail> "like", Latin <similis>

Welsh <ta:n> "fire" (Irish <te:in>), Avestan <tafno:> "heat" (IE *tepn-)

Irish <tarathar>, Welsh <taradr> "borer, drill", Lat. <terebrum/terebra>

Welsh <tarfu> "chase, scare", Lith. <tremiu> "banish", Albanian <tre^mb> "frighten", Latin <tremo:> "tremble"

MIr <farr> "bedpost", Oscan <veru> "door", Lith. <veriu> "open, shut"

Andrew

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