--- pielewe <
wrvermeer@...> wrote:
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, george knysh
> <gknysh@...> wrote:
>
> > --- Daniel Koechlin <d.koechlin@...> wrote:
> >
> > Anyway,
> > > the domestication of
> > > the horse was first achieved in the southern
> urals
> > > around 3500 BC.
> >
> > ****GK: Cf. also
> >
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture****
>
> In this connection I would like to draw attention to
> an article by
> Marsha Levine that is very relevant to the points we
> are struggling
> with:
>
>
http://www3.vet.upenn.edu/labs/equinebehavior//hvnwkshp/hv02/levine.htm
>
> She points out that there is a fundamental
> difference between on the
> one hand taming and on the other domestication./etc.
cut for economy/
*****GK: As usual, Ms. Levine needs a lot of
correcting. She does admit that the horse had been
domesticated "for a considerable period of time" as of
the Middle Bronze Age Sintashta burials (which begin
ca. 2000 BCE). And then she rather "bloops" by
casually stating that "by the mid-2nd millennium" BCE
horse-drawn chariots were in use in the Near East...
As a matter of fact, we know that such chariots were
in use there at least 1,000 years earlier, as
evidenced by the royal seals (with horses drawing the
chariots clearly depicted) discovered at Ur and Kish,
reliably radiocarbondated to ca. 2600 BCE (Cf. the
reproductions in M.V. Gorelik, "Boievi kolesnitsi
Perednogo Vostoka III-II tis. do n.e", in Drevniaia
Anatoliia, "Nauka":Moscow, 1985, pp. 183-202.) It is
not a major assumption to claim that "domestication"
in Levine's sense began in Western Eurasia as early as
the Early Bronze Age, since the presence of war
chariots in the north has also been documented from
Late Yamna and Catacomb burials. Even so, the
systematic large scale use of such tamed animals
(beginning ca. 4000 BCE)remains a quite significant
event in the evolution of human societies.*****
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