Re: [tied] Albanian outside the centum-satem division?

On 9/20/05, Abdullah Konushevci <akonushevci@...> wrote:

On 9/20/05, Abdullah Konushevci < akonushevci@...> wrote:

Palatals in Albanian

*aig'- 'goat' > Alb. <edh> ‚goat kid' (*ai > e, *g' > dh);
*aik'- ‚to master of, possess' > Alb. <eth> 'possess, mate' (*ai > Alb. /e/, *k' > th);
*ak'- 'sharp' > Alb. <i ath•të> 'bitter, tart', but *ak'-sko > eh 'to sharp' (cf. also <preh/pref> 'to sharp'), *ak'-ro > *ats-ro > ac•ar 'frost'; nasalized o-grade form *omk'-lo > Alb. <uthull> 'vinegar' (*om > u, cf. *eg'-om > Alb. <u•në> 'I'); *ak'-ri-bhwo > Alb. (i,e) tharb 'sour' with aphaeresis of unstressed syllable. So, we have for *k' > Alb. /th/, /c/;

*bherHg'- 'to shine' > Alb. < bredh> 'fir-tree' (<*bhorHg'-u), <(i,e) bardhë> 'white' (<* bhr.Hg'-o; *g' > Alb. /dh/);
*dek'm.-to < i dhjeti> 'tenth', probably from <dhjati> due to i-Umlaut with drop of palatal /k'/;

*dek's- 'right' > Alb. <i djath•të> 'right' (*k' > Alb. /th/);
dhg'hem- 'earth' > Alb. <dhé> (*g'h > Alb. /dh/);
dhg'h(y)es- 'yesterday' > Alb. <dje> 'id.' (g'h > Alb. /d/);
*eg'hs- 'out' > Alb. <jash•të> with drop of palatal /g'h/ and diphthongizing of *e > ja before a secondary cluster;

*g'embh- 'tooth' > Alb. <dhâmë/dhëmbë> 'tooth' (*g' > Alb. /dh/);
*g'emH1- 'to marry' . Alb. <dam•së> 'wedding' (*g'h > Alb. /d/);
*g'heim-on > Alb. <dimën> 'winter' (*g'h > Alb. /d/)
*g'her- 'to grasp, enclose', suffixed zero-grade form *g'hr.H-dho > Alb. <gardh. 'fence, hedge' (*g'h > Alb. /g/ followed by liuquids);

*g'hes- 'hand', suffixed form *g'hes-(e)r > g'he:r-eH2 > Alb. <dorë>, thanks to Szemerény's law *g'hesr- > *g'he:r, lengthening of vowel as a result of compansation of dropped consonant (*g'h> Alb. /d/), but <ngjesh> 'to press' from *en-g'hes- (*g'h > g preceded by nasals);
*g'heu- 'to pour, pour libitation', suffixed extended zero-grade form *g'hus-lo > dyllë 'wax'
*g'no:- 'to know', suffixed form *g'no:-sko > Alb. <njeh> 'to count', e-grade form *g'ne:-sko 'to know' (*g' followed by nasal /n/ have yielded /nj/).

*g'hr.zd- > Alb. <drithë> 'cereal, grain'; *g'horzd-eH2 > Alb. Dardhë (*g'h > Alb. /d/)
*k'at- 'to fight', probably preserved in Albanian as a bound morpheme –kat- (?) in n•gatërroj 'to distrub', sh•katërroj 'to destroy' (again *k' preceded by nasal have yielded plain velar /k/, regularly voiced before nasal).
k'ei- Referring to various adjective of color; suffixed form *k'ei-mo > i thimë 'grey-headed'; but I'm afraid that *k'ei- 'to lie' have as outcome Alb. <qij> 'to copulate', attested with meaning 'loved, dear' in compound <nanëqimë> 'loved by mother, dear to mother, very proud man', maybe calqued in American-English as <mother-fucker>
k'el- 'to cover, conceal' > Alb. <shel> bound morpheme of <mëshel> 'to close' and <çel < t•shel> 'to open' (*k'el- > k'jel > tsjel > shel).

To be continued

Konushevci

Palatals in Albanian

Even I believe that to many this will sound like some crazy idea, I think that examples below prove that palatal *k' have yielded in Albanian, except expected /th/, in many cases labial stop /b/, due to sand'hi or it depend in different prehistoric stages it is hard to conclude. Also, if followed by nasals and liquids or preceded by nasals, it yields regularly plain velar /k/.

Regarding the last root *k'el- 'to cover, conceal', I came to conclusion that Alb. <më•sheh/mshef> as well as <fsheh> 'to hide' is derived from suffixed form *k'el-sko (cf. Lat. celare 'to hide'). Prefixed zero-grade form *en+ *k'l.H-a:njo have yielded Albanian <m•bulonj> 'to cover' and <z•bulonj> 'discover'- bul- is bound morpheme (*k' > b, preceded by nasal). Primary form is preserved in <kë•thjell> from *k'el-no 'to make clear'

*k'el- 'to be prominent, hill' I think that yields in Albanian <ballë> 'forehead, best part, hill' (cf. PN Ball•sh, Ball•dre, Ball•ovc): <balli i kombit> 'the best part of the nation', <balli i shtëpisë> 'frontage, front' etc. So we have aberrant outcome of *k' > Alb. /b/.

*k'ens- 'to proclaim, speak solemnly' > Alb. <thom> 'say, talk' (today <them>), probably from *k'ens-mi > *k'e:smi (Szemerény's law) > k'e:m (*sm > m). *k' > th;

*k'er- 'horn, head' > Alb. <bri> 'horn', probably from zero-grade form *k'r.-no; buri 'hornet', probably from extended zero-grade form *k'r.H-u (*k' > Alb. /b/). But metathetic lengthened form *k'we:r-o- of *k'e:rw-o 'having horns', to my view, double suffixed in –k-ala, yields in Albanin <sor-k-alle> 'hind, doe'. Metathetic suffixed lengthened o-grade form *k'ro:-na: > kren > krye 'head', pl. <krena> (again *k' > k, followed by liquid and stressed long o: is usually diphthonged followed by nasal;

*k'er- 'to grow'. Suffixed lengthened o-grade form *k'ro:-sko > kreh as bound morpheme in <n•greh> 'raise, pick up', <sh•kreh> 'to undergo' (*k' > k followed by liquid), but *k'or-wo > burrë (*rw > Alb. /rr/), verb <mburrem> 'to act like man' (cf. Greek koros 'boy', kore 'girl' (so *k' > b); *k'er-no > thjerr 'lens';

*k'erd- 'heart' > Alb. <çerdhe> from *tsjerdh- (sj > sh and tsh > ç), a singularized plural of <çerdhë>: <Më prish çerdhen> synonymic with <Më theu zemrën> 'He broke my heart';

*k'ers- 'run' > Alb. <therr> 'to run swiftly': ia therri 'he have run swiftly';

*k'euH- 'to swell, vault, hole'. Suffixed form *k'ow-ilo > i thellë 'deep' (cf. Gr. koilos 'hollow, deep'). *k'- > th, *oi > Alb. /e/.

k'leu- 'to hear' > Alb. <qaj> 'cry', derived from *klaH2u-njo (Beeks);

*k'won- 'dog' > Alb. <qen>, derived from zero-grade suffixed form *k'wn-to > kand > kann-i > qen, due to i-Umlaut that explain the lack of rhotasism in Tosk dialect (w > o, like in *dhwo:ra:).

*leg'- 'to collect' > mb•ledh, also <zgjedh> 'to choose' from *dz (=dis)•ledh > *zdledh > zgledh.

*leig'- 'to bind' > Alb. <lidh> 'id.', also <zgjidh> 'to untei' < zglidh (attested form) < zd•lidh.

*meg'- 'big' > Alb. <(i,e) madh> 'id.';

*melg'- 'to milk' > Alb. <mjel> 'id.', dropping the palatal /g'/;

Konushevci