Re: [tied] Albanian outside the centum-satem division?

Palatals in Albanian

*aig'- 'goat' > Alb. <edh> ‚goat kid' (*ai > e, *g' > dh);
*aik'- ‚to master of, possess' > Alb. <eth> 'possess, mate' (*ai > Alb. /e/, *k' > th);
*ak'- 'sharp' > Alb. <i ath•të> 'bitter, tart', but *ak'-sko > eh 'to sharp' (cf. also <preh/pref> 'to sharp'), *ak'-ro > *ats-ro > ac•ar 'frost'; nasalized o-grade form *omk'-lo > Alb. <uthull> 'vinegar' (*om > u, cf. *eg'-om > Alb. <u•në> 'I'); *ak'-ri-bhwo > Alb. (i,e) tharb 'sour' with aphaeresis of unstressed syllable. So, we have for *k' > Alb. /th/, /c/;
*bherHg'- 'to shine' > Alb. < bredh> 'fir-tree' (<*bhorHg-u), <(i,e) bardhë> 'white' (<* bhr.Hg'-o);
*dek'm.-to < i dhjeti> 'tenth', probably from <dhjati> due to i-Umlaut with drop of palatal /k'/;
*dek's- 'right' > Alb. <i djath•të> 'right';
dhg'hem- 'earth' > Alb. <dhé> (*g'h > Alb. /dh/);
dhg'h(y)es- 'yesterday' > Alb. <dje> 'id.' (g'h > Alb. /d/);
*eg'hs- 'out' > Alb. <jash•të> with drop of palatal /g'h/ and diphthongizing of *e > ja before a secondary cluster;
*g'embh- 'tooth' > Alb. <dhâmë/dhëmbë> 'tooth';
*g'emH1- 'to marry' . Alb. <dam•së> 'wedding';
*g'her- 'to grasp, enclose', suffixed zero-grade form *g'hr.H-dho > Alb. <gardh. 'fence, hedge' (*g'h > Alb. /g/ followed by liuquids);
*g'hes- 'hand', suffixed form *g'hes-(e)r > g'he:r-eH2 > Alb. <dorë>, thanks to Szemerény's law *g'hesr- > *g'he:r, lengthening of vowel as a result of compansation of dropped consonant, but <ngjesh> 'to press' from *en-g'hes- (*g'h > g preceded by nasals);
*g'heu- 'to pour, pour libitation', suffixed extended zero-grade form *g'hus-lo > dyllë 'wax'
*g'no:- 'to know', suffixed form *g'no:-sko > Alb. <njeh> 'to count', e-grade form *g'ne:-sko 'to know' (*g' followed by nasal /n/ have yielded /nj/).
*k'at- 'to fight', probably preserved in Albanian as a bound morpheme –kat- (?) in n•gatërroj 'to distrub', sh•katërroj 'to destroy' (again *k' preceded by nasal have yielded plain velar /k/, regularly voiced before nasal).
k'ei- Referring to various adjective of color; suffixed form *k'ei-mo > i thimë 'grey-headed'; but I'm afraid that *k'ei- 'to lie' have as outcome Alb. <qij> 'to copulate', attested with meaning 'loved, dear' in compound <nanëqimë> 'loved by mother, dear to mother, very proud man', maybe calqued in American-English as <mother-fucker>
k'el- 'to cover, conceal' > Alb. <shel> bound morpheme of <mëshel> 'to close' and <çel < t•shel> 'to open' (*k'el- > k'jel > tsjel > shel).

To be continued

Konushevci

On 9/20/05, mkapovic@... <mkapovic@...> wrote:
> Albanian is sometimes said to be outside the centum-satem division
> because, before a front vowel, (as if) *k, *g(h) preserve while *kW,
> *gW(h) change into s, z.
>
> The most known example of the preserving is Alb. kohë <
> *ke:so- "time". But... Jacobson associated this word, known only
> from Balto-Slavic and Albanian, with Slavic kosa "scythe", which is
> from *k'os- (Sanskr. ças "cut")!
>
> So, this word can be just a borrowing from a centum language and it
> cannot be taken as a serious piece of evidence.

Well, the phonetics and meaning work just fine in *ke:so- > c^asU, kohë.
As for *k'os- > kosa (with possible *k'-s > *k-s), the semantics of
"scythe" and "time" is not very obvious (one could of course imagin the
time as being cut but it's not nearly as good as the semantics in the
first etymology). C^asU on the other hand means exactly "moment, time,
hour".

Mate

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