Re: [tied] Re: Mi- and hi-conjugation in Germanic

From: Miguel Carrasquer
Message: 36692
Date: 2005-03-10

On Thu, 10 Mar 2005 00:33:47 +0000, elmeras2000
<jer@...> wrote:

>--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Miguel Carrasquer <mcv@...> wrote:
>> What I object
>> to, with Jasanoff, is the completely arbitrary and
>> rigour-less way in which reduplication or lack of it is
>> handled in "standard theory". The Hittite hi-conjugation is
>> seen as a dereduplicated perfect, in spite of the fact that
>> reduplication is not otherwise lost in Hittite, even in
>> forms clearly associated with the perfect, like wewakta.
>
>I do not think there is any particular lack of rigour in the
>conservative theory. wewak- is every bit as much of a loner as beben
>is in German and ded-/da:d- are in Balto-Slavic.

Jasanoff makes a good case for it being a pluperfect. Now a
pluperfect presupposes a perfect. And it's striking that we
see the same thing in Hittite as in Gothic (perfect wak-,
pluperfect wewak-, just like Goth hait-, preterit haìhait-).

>One can say without
>any appalling degree of latitude that reduplication was lost in
>particular categories which invite identification with the perfect.
>In Germanic it was then lost wherever it was dispendable, which it
>was in staig, naut, band, bar, gaf, while it was transformed in
>fo:r, strategies which could not work phonetically in haihald,
>haihait which then retained it. The Hittite thing is even easier,
>for the claim is not that the hi-conjugation continues the perfect
>directly; the claim is that verbs with o-vocalism (or vocalisms that
>were identified with o-vocalism) used the endings of the perfect in
>their preterite

What about the present?

>, the product being the root-form of the underlying
>verb followed by the endings of the perfect. It would be like Latin
>spondeo spopondi, adjusted to pf. *spondi. I can't for the life of
>me see what is terrible with this scenario. For the Balto-Slavic
>facts I have even added rigor by advocating a conservative
>derivation from reduplicated intensive structures like *ml-mólH-
>/*mél-mlH-, which I have supported by the evidence of the accent:
>the action of Hirt's law demands an asyllabic laryngeal, which can
>only be supplied in *molH- if this was earlier reduplicated.

Doesn't work for me.

>I also see dereduplication in the Hitt. sk-verbs which are
>iterative; I can understand an iterative function on the basis of
>earlier reduplication, but not so well from the sk-form itself which
>was inchoative. I can then also understand the lack of syllabic
>reflex of the laryngeal in zikizzi from *dhH1-sk^é- if this is from
>earlier *dhi-dhH1-sk^e-.

Melchert claims that laryngeals do not syllabize in
Anatolian (although I'm not sure I agree).

>Most verbs that are reduplicated in Hittite
>do not have transparent IE pedigrees and may then well belong to a
>later stage which is not relevant here.
>
>> The same goes for Tocharian: class III preterites and class
>> V subjunctives are treated as dereduplicated perfects,
>> despite the fact that Tocharian maintains the reduplicated
>> aorist, and has reduplication in the perfect participle
>> (kaknu/kekenu, etc.).
>
>So? Sbj. V shows general initial accent in B and so has apparently
>retained the reduplication. Can't reduplication be retained in the
>perfect participle and be lost in the finite forms of the perfect
>that invaded the s-aorist?

I don't suppport that scenario, but, certainly, it's
possible that reduplication was lost in the Tocharian
perfect. It's possible that it also happened in Germanic,
and it's possible that it happened in Anatolian. It's
possible that it happened in Slavic (e.g. bojoN, mogoN).
But this tendency for reduplication to disappear in the
perfect gets curiouser and curiouser with every new and
different scenario that has to be set up to explain it.

>> In LIV, Hitt. paddai, Lat. fodio and
>> Slavic bodoN, bosti are derived, contrary to fact, from
>> reduplicated *bhe-bhodhh2-, while the Slavic form is
>> separated from its Baltic cognate Lith. bedù (besti)
>> (supposedly from PIE *bhedhh2-e-). The same nonsense, but
>> in reverse, is seen in the root "to grind", where Hitt.
>> malli, Goth. malan and Lith. malù (málti) are derived from
>> *me-molh2-, while Slavic meljoN, melti is derived from
>> *melh2-. If we stick to the facts instead of preconceived
>> notions, it should be obvious that neither *bhodhh2- nor
>> *molh2- shows any reduplication anywhere, and that the
>> alternation of o- and e-vocalism seen in Balto-Slavic is
>> best explained as deriving it from the Ablaut o/e (sg.
>> *bhodhh2- ~ pl. *bhedhh2-; sg. *molh2-, pl. *melh2-) which
>> is in fact _attested_ in Hittite in this very same category
>> of verbs.
>
>I do not feel responsible for LIV.
>
>One of the main reasons I cannot accept an original o/e ablaut in
>ther verb is that I cannot just copy it from the noun because I have
>an explanation for it in the noun, and the verb does not offer the
>conditions for that explanation. This is of course no problem to
>those who have no explanation for the o/e ablaut anywhere, but that
>cannot really be put down as lack of rigour on my part.

Indeed not. But I have an explanation for o/e ablaut which
works for nouns and verbs alike: *ó is the reflex of an
earlier lengthened vowel (**a:) under the stress, and *é
results from the same lengthened vowel in pretonic position.

Glen Gordon recently suggested here that lengthening of the
root vowel was also a kind of reduplication (let's call it
"glenuplication"), which is not bad concept in this context.

>The o/e
>ablaut seen in the hi-conjugation is in my opinion well enough
>explained from a reduced form of the intensive: *bhedh-bhódhH-
>/*bhédh-bhdhH- -> *bhódhH-/*bhédhH-. The evidence for the exact
>shape of the PIE intensive is not overwhelming, so if a squashed
>variant *mélH- (reduced from *mél-mlH-) of PIE age helps I cannot
>see it could not be accepted.
>
>> What this means for the relationship between the perfect and
>> e.g. the hi-conjugation in Hittite is not entirely clear.
>>
>> Jasanoff sticks to the notion of the perfect as a
>> reduplicated category (albeit originally with *o ~ *e
>> Ablaut), which implies that the hi-conjugation is thus not
>> simply derivable from the perfect. In fact, the perfect is
>> derived according to Jasanoff from a certain hi-conjugation
>> formation (the "stative-intransitive aorist") by
>> reduplication. Apart from the fact that I find it
>> impossible to explain Jasanoff's theory in one paragraph
>> (it's much too complicated for that), it also fails to
>> answer some of the obvious questions: what happened to the
>> perfect in Hittite? Why do we not find reduplication in
>> Germanic in formations that should be derived from the
>> "classic" perfect (praeterito-presents, preterites from
>> e-verbs), and why *do* we find reduplication in forms where,
>> I think, we wouldn't expect it within the framework of
>> Jasanoff's theory (the preterite of o-verbs, with o~e
>> Ablaut)?
>
>I agree on most points. I would find it very strange to assume that
>Germanic man 'I remember' is not the same form as the synonymous
>Lat. memini, Gk. mémona. For staig : haihait I think I have found
>the answer (Osthoff excluding -o:-). You get close to a fine -o-/-e-
>ablaut in OE ha:tan heht if you count the vowel of the reduplication.

But the ugly truth is that the relict reduplicated forms in
Anglian do not support the "dereduplication with contraction
to e:2"-theory all that well. We have:

la:can: leolc (vs. le:c)
le:tan (læ:tan): leort (vs. le:t)
re:dan (ræ:dan): reord (vs. re:d)

What these forms actually suggest is that the e:2/eo/e does
*not* originate in reduplication-with-contraction.

[BTW, why is there no fracture in <heht>? There should be,
if the form is old].

The van Coetsem theory, on the other hand, explains the NW
Germanic facts quite elegantly.

>> The alternative would be to let go of reduplication as a
>> necessary component of the PIE perfect, which is what I'm
>> currently contemplating. I have no idea as yet whether
>> that's a viable hypothesis and, if so, where it leads to.
>> We'll just have to wait and see. Or shake one's head,
>> whatever.
>
>I think we need original reduplication in the perfect; I actually
>believe the reduplication is the cause of its o/zero ablaut.

Well, I don't have that problem.

=======================
Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
mcv@...