Re: *ap-/*up-/*ip- , rivers in -r

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:

>
> In a language with cases, the number of "semantic cases" can be
> extended by using a noun indicating position, in a positional or
> directional case, as a post/preposition of a noun which is then in
> the genitive or some other suitable case, eg. Finnish 'Porin ja Turun
> välillä' "between Pori and Turku" (-n genitive, välilleä

välillä - at the in between (place) (of Pori and of Turku).

> adessive "on the middleroad", thus "on the middleroad of Pori and
> Turku"; 'keskellä järveä' "in the middle of the lake", keski-
> "middle" in the adessive, järveä inessive of järve "lake).

Actually, 'keskellä järveä' at the middle part of the lake. 'Järveä'
is in the partitive case and the nominative is 'järvi'

> But one might also see keskellä as an adverb "centrally"
> and järveä as "on the lake".

Keskellä järveä (at the centre, part of the lake), 'keskellä' is an
adverb in the adessive case and 'järveä' is a noun in the partitive
case. You could just as easily say 'järven keskellä' (lake's, at the
centre). 'Järven' is a noun in the genitive case and 'keskellä' is a
postposition again in the adessive case.

Welcome to Finnish cases.

>
>
> Torsten

Peter P