--- loreto bagio <
bagoven20@...> wrote:
>
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Sean Whalen
> <stlatos@...> wrote:
> >
> > Each daughter language has different rules
> changing
> > it from the mother over time. Latin and most
> other
> > languages deleted syllabic "laryngeals" at the
> > beginning of a word. Greek did not, creating
> > contrasts such as dens and odous (tooth), nomen
> and
> > onyma (name), ster and aste:r (star), etc.
>
> Agreed. Different rules for different stages of
> associations.
> That is why my previous wonder.
I'm not sure what you mean. If people speaking the
same language split into groups that no longer have
contact with each other each group's speech will
undergo unrelated changes throughout time. Norsemen
who left for Iceland eventually changed -r to -ur at
the end of a word (Haraldr to Haraldur) and those who
stayed in Skandinavia changed th to t, for example.
Th does not change to t in Icelandic, etc. Completely
unrelated groups of changes occurred between the
groups, and all reconstructions support this regular
change occurring in the past for all languages as
well.
If one language is similar to another, and in each
word beginning with a t in language one begins with a
t in language two, but whenever l2 has t between two
vowels l1 has d then we can be confident of their
relation and reconstruct t for both correspondences in
the mother language (since in historical times their
have been many instances of t to d between vowels and
none of d to t there).
> > The current pronunciation of Japanese shouldn't
> be
> > used to make comparisons with other language
> families.
> > Only the oldest known (or reconstructed) forms
> can
> > help show relationships due to common ancestry.
> As
> > far as I know, hachi was pronounced fati fairly
> > recently, much too late to have a common origin
> with
> > okto:
>
> You're wrong in hachi>fati in as far as You know.
> And please doubt the reconstructed forms. They are
> reconstructions.
>
> Loreto
I've made my own reconstructions of many languages
and am confident in them as well as any made on sound
and tested principles. Here's how to reconstruct
Japanese: the only syllables beginning with h are hi,
he, ha, ho; the only s beginning with f is fu. Using
experience any trained linguist can see that older
Japanese had the sound f and no h. F changed to h
everywhere but in front of u. Explaining this is easy
since both f and u are made with rounded lips
(Japanese pronunciation varies somewhat from many
European languages). Similarly, only te, ta, to; only
tsu; only chi. So, older J had t and not ts or ch.
Vowels u and i are pronounced high in the mouth and
the others aren't. Before high vowels t became ts.
Before i s became i. Tsh is the same as ch in sound.
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