On Sun, Jan 18, 2004, at 01:37 PM, Richard wrote:
> FWIW Latin 1s _tondeo:_ should yield Romanian _tunz_; I don't know
> whether non-standard _tunz_ is a retention or another example of a
> language almost going in circles. (If it is going in circles, the
> sequence would be *tunzu, _tundu_, _tund_ (possibly), _tunz_, so
> it's not an exact repeat of an earlier stage.)
It is a common subdialectal occurrence esp. in South-Eastern
areas of the Daco-Romanian dialect territory. Namely tht [d] > [z]
in situations where in other subdialectal regions [d] stays as
such. Do make a judgment of it yourself:
eu tunz, tu tunzi, el tunde, noi tundem, voi tundetzi, ei tund
subj. sã tunzã
crez, crezi, crede, credem, credetzi, cred -- subj. sã creazã
(in some areas: Maramures & Northern Moldavia, also: tu credzi
-- sã creadzã)
vãz, vezi, vede, vedem, vedetzi, vãd -- subj. sã vazã
caz, cazi, cade, cãdem, cãdetzi, cad -- sã cazã
(the same with scaz, scazi... "to diminish, drop")
rîz, rîzi, rîde, rîdem, rîdetzi, rîd -- sã rîzã "to laugh"
(with the prefix su- "to smile")
I'm not sure whether there is the subdialectal variant raz,
instead of rad "I shave; erase" (the conjugation goes on:
razi, rade, radem, radetzi, rad) -- but the subj. sã razã
(otherwise in DR and the standard language sã radã).
Etc.
[pãtrund, pãtrunzi, pãtrunde, pãtrundem, pãtrundetzi, pãtrund
-- sã pãtrunzã (pãtrundã!) / înfund, -zi, -ã, -ãm, -atzi, -ã
-- sã înfunde (!); the same if în- replaced by a-]
So, what do we see here? That only the 1st pers. singular has
a [z] instead of [d] (tund, cred, vãd, s/cad); the same happens
with the subjunctiv 3rd pers. singular (instead of sã tundã,
sã creadã, sã vadã, sã s/cadã, sã rîdã, sã radã).
We also see that morphology requires such words to perform
these [d] > [z] in standard (pan-Daco-Romanian) as well: tu tunzi,
tu crezi, tu vezi (the subj. form is the same); as well as in
cãdere "fall" vs. caz "case"; încredere "trust" vs. crez "creed";
aud-auzi-aude-auzim-auziti-aud (indic. pres. of "to hear"),
auzul & vãzul (the hearing & vision); vãzul but vederea; "view-
point" isn't *punct de vãz, but punct de vedere. Then lots of
nouns with [d] in the singular, [z] in the plural, e.g. brad,
brazi "fir-tree"; ied, iezi "lamb"; sme(a)d, smezi "swarthy, pale",
livid, livizi "pale", livadã, livezi "orchard", scovardã, sco-
verzi "a kind of pie" (Palatschinken) (variant for singular,
scovergã); of course verde, verzi "green"; pierd, pierzi, pierde
(I lose, you lose, he/she/it loses) (subdialectal variants in
NW of DR: perd, perzi, perde!); cf. ràdere-ras-rãzãtoare (all
reflexes of the verb mentioned above, a ràde "shave; erase."
Etc.
So, this alternance is alive and kicking, i.e. natural, not
only ancient and limited to a proto-Romanian stage of which
we have almost no attestations (e.g. prânz "lunch" + verb
a prânzí < prandium), and OTOH can't be thrown into the same
bowl together with the kentum-[g]-&-satem-[z] aspect.
2 peculiarities related to <a tunde>:
(a) in North-Western areas of the DR dialect, people tend to
use a [g] instead of [d], in the 1st person: eu tung (but then
the conjugation is the same: tunzi, tunde, tundem, tundetzi
and... I'm not 100% sure but I'd say again: tung). This phon.
curiosity reminds me something typical of the Bavarian (i.e.
incl. Austrian) Wangl < Wandl (< die Wand) "wall", that've
prompted in the Hungarian bowling slang the term "vángli"
(< South German Wangl "li'l wall", here in the sense: the
ball rolled outa the path touching the wall). :-))
(b) Romanian tunsoare [tun-'soa-re] (by and large) "hair-do,"
a reflex of the past participle <tuns>, is as Lat. tonsura > Engl.
& Fr. tonsure, Germ. die Tonsur and Romanian tonsúrã (as a
neologism). In Romanian, one refrained from taking one of the
extant Romanian reflexes (as nouns): tuns & tunsoare, because
everyone has or can be subject to the general kind of haircut,
whereas to Lat tonsura > Fr tonsure > Rum tonsurã is reserved
for... Catholic friars.
> Richard.
George
--
Nea Alecu, nea Alecu / tunde oaia $i berbecu'. (a children's
song) (Alecu: one of several short forms of Alexandru)