Re: Germanic hl- etc. (was: to yelp)

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Richard Wordingham"
<richard.wordingham@...> wrote:

> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "alex_lycos" <altamix@...> wrote:
> > But I am not aware of an "hl" in german, but "kl" likeklingen,
> > klinken, kleben ( see slavic "lepati"(?), rom. "lipi") and so on.
> > It can be they are not related to each other.
>
> As I don't see any direct replies, let me answer the general

point.

> The oldest Germanic languages *do* have hl-. For example, from the
> PIE root *kleu- we have Old English and Old Saxon _hlu:d_, Modern
> English _loud_, Dutch _luid_; Old High German (OHG) _hlu:t_, German
> _laut_. Cognates include Greek _kluein_ 'hear', _kleos_ 'glory'
> (cf. Heracles), OCS _slava_ 'glory', _slovo_ 'word', Sanskrit
> _s'ru_ 'hear'. For another example, look at the inscription form
> the Gallehus horn.
>
> For hn-, we have OE _hnutu_, OHG _(h)nuz_, Old Norse _hnot_ 'nut'.
> The cognates are not so good - Old Irish _cnu:_, Welsh _cneuen_
> (singulative of _cnau_ 'nuts'), Latin _nux_, _nuc-_.
>
> For hr-, we have OE _hre:aw_, OS _hra:o_, OHG _(h)ra:o_, ON _hrár_,
> all relating to uncooked meat, as in the derived English
> word 'raw'. This derives from the root *kreu-, which relate to
> bloody meat - OCS _krUvI_ 'blood', Greek _kreas_ 'flesh, meat'.
>
> Richard.

************
PIE root *k^leu- has many derivatives in Albanian language. It is
believed that this root is present also in Illyrian compound name
Vescleves (see Pokorny, *k^leu-).
As labiovelars, as palatals, followed by liquids, are treated in
Albanian as pure velars or as in centum languages. This makes its
part of centum ingredient of Illyrian and Albanian.
Suffixed o-grade form *k^lou-e(n)yo- derives in common Albanian
<klounj>, later this form derives: (g.) <kluenj> and (t.) quanj
(today <quaj>) `to call, to name'. Prefixed form of base root *ndi-
kleuenj > *ndikle:nj derives in north dialect nigoj/ngoj `to hear'
and in south <dëgjoj> `id'.
Furthermore, it is present as combining form also in optative, as a
first part of verb <to be>: qofsh (in standard Albanian), <kofsh <
klofsh> in Gegë, from common Albanian *kl-osh, where /f/ has euphonic
character. It is also present in infinitive *kl-ent-: (g.) _me
klanë_, (t.) _me qënë_, through regular derivation of *-en in –ân in
north dialect and –ën in south (cf. ânshtë, north dialect and
është `is' in south, both from *en esti). Verbal ddjective suffix *-
ent caused to not be rhotasized this form of infinitive.

Konushevci