richard.wordingham@... wrote:
>
> What stopped stressed tautosyllabic /Tea/ simplifying to /Ta/ as in
> terra 'ground' > tzarã? The /ea/ arises either from breaking of /ie/
> (<E) or from the fall of /ll/
>
> Richard
OK. Let see what other people about "vitella" means. First with the
principal form "vitulus":
vitulus, i: " Kalbb", Meerkalb" ( seit Cato, rom. ebenso "vitellus", -I:
="Kälbchen, Eidotter", seit Plaut. ( s.d. ); vgl. "vituli:nus", -a, um,
"vom Kalb", seit Plt. ( vituli:na, ae f. "Kalbfleisch" seit Plt),
"vitula, ae f. "Kälbchen" seit Cic.: vgl. EN. "Vitulus" seit Varro):= u.
vitluf 'vitulo:s' (über osk. Viteliu "Italien" und lat. "Italia s. aber
dieses oben I 723); wohl als "Jährling" zu vetus" (Curtius 208, Vanicek
262), vgl. noch bes. koisch "etelon" ?"Jahrling, äol. "etalon" ds.
Meister IA. 1, 204. 4,32), obwohl ital. "i" für "e" schwierig ist;
Meister, sowie Thurneysen KZ. 30,487 vermuten Entl. aus einer nicht
näher zu bestimmenden Mundarts Italiens, v. Blumenthal Ig. T. 66 aus dem
Messapischen ( vgl. auch Sommer Hb. 58); aus "vitulus" entl. etr.
"vitli" vgl EN. "vitellius ( Schulze EN. 153).
Vgl. noch grm. *wetsru- "einjähriges Tier" (Kluge s. Widder) und alban.
"vits" neben "vjets"= "einjährig" zu vjet="Jahr" Pedersen KZ. 36, 290,
M.E. Schmidt KZ. 57, 20 auch zu vjetsar= "einjaäjrig" ( altindisch
"vatsarah")-Wotjak. "vetël "Kalb, zweijährige Kuh" aus eioner iranischen
Entsprechung nach Jacobsohn 1F. 46, 339
1) in Latin, there is not a long /i/ in 'vitulus' , in 'vitellus' and
'vitella'.
An "i" in this case is not to explain in Romanian form and we should
stop here, but we go along.
2) it was accepted the diminutive form 'vitelus" just for explaining the
romanian "ts" (T)
3) it was omitted the Albanian form with "c^" (ts) which in Romanian has
an equivalent in "ts"
4) it was omitted that the "ts" is to find in Sanskrit and Iranian forms
too.
5) the assumed idea, the old "us" disappeared in Estern Romance is
partly wrong. For this I will argue as follow:
There is the Rom. Word "cãrãbuS"= a kind of bug "carab" with the
diminutive suffix "uS" as in "viteluS".
DEX gives this word as derived from turkish "karab[as]"= sheep with
black mouth. DEX is however honest and tell us that this Turkish word is
a very rare expression. The word itself exist in Latin too , this one
being "carabus"= crabe, Meerskrebs. The Latin word itself is loaned from
Greek "karabos"= "Meerskrebs", "kind of bug", "kind of vessel" which has
the diminutive form "karabion", compare "kantharos" ="bug". The Greek
Word seems to be loaned from an "unknown language, maybe Macedonian"
since in Greek for a PIE *bho we expect an "fo"; Ionian "karis", Attic
"karios", Dorian "kuris".
In so far I see the form is the same as in Latin carabus=carabuS but has
the semantism of Greek " a kind of bug" but the Latin form with "a" not
with "o" (carabus and not karabos). The assumption of DEX with Turkish
"karab[as]" should be seen just as a joke.
Thus, I see the form "vitelus" as the form "karabus". I don't see why I
have to accept the Latin diminutive form for an word like "vitel" when I
have the same construction for an word like "carabuS" from the very
ancient time.
The people who used "carabuS" have been very aware of using an
"diminutive form" thus they should be aware too they use a diminutive
form in Latin word "vitellus". And indeed, the Romanian diminutive form
_is_ viteluS as the Latin diminutive form _was_ "vitelus".
I don't accept the explanation of Piotr of "suffix on suffix" here since
in Rom. _there is_ the suffix "-el" for making
diminutives ( nasturel, scaunel, cocoSel, etc.)
I guess more the suffix "el" is an IE suffix since it is to find in
Avestan, in Germanic, in Latin, in Slavic, etc).
Since the root for 'vitelus' is "vit-" or if you like "vVt-", it seems
that every language who kept this root, suffixed
it on its own way. The same is for "catulus" with diminutive form
"catelus" with the rot "cat-"= to get, to fang, with
the alternance g/k ( I don't see it just for English "get"= old "gat"
but I see the alternance in Romanian (a)cãtsa/(a)
gãtsa= to get, to fang). Latin kept this root in catulus, catelus and in
catena.
For all this , I do not believe the rom. word is from Latin but this is
an own evolution from IE.